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黃淮華北出現(xiàn)棉鈴蟲遷飛高峰 警惕二代幼蟲集中危害

2024-06-24 08:38:26 來源:全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心 閱讀量:13157 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:6月下旬至7月上旬氣象條件對(duì)北方二代棉鈴蟲發(fā)生有利,預(yù)計(jì)今年二代棉鈴蟲在北方大部玉米、花生、大豆、蔬菜等作物上偏重發(fā)生,在棉田偏輕發(fā)生。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 據(jù)各地農(nóng)作物病蟲害監(jiān)測區(qū)域站監(jiān)測,6月以來一代棉鈴蟲成蟲進(jìn)入盛發(fā)期,黃淮、華北和東北蛾峰偏早、誘蛾量偏高,6月下旬至7月上旬氣象條件對(duì)北方二代棉鈴蟲發(fā)生有利,預(yù)計(jì)今年二代棉鈴蟲在北方大部玉米、花生、大豆、蔬菜等作物上偏重發(fā)生,在棉田偏輕發(fā)生,全國發(fā)生面積3500萬畝,二代幼蟲為害盛期在6月下旬至7月上旬。
 
  一代蛾峰早、蛾量高
 
  江淮和黃淮南部等一代蟲源區(qū)蛾峰日集中在6月上旬末,遷出區(qū)大部蛾量低于2023年同期。截至6月9日,河南安陽、淮陽、長葛、民權(quán)等地智能測報(bào)燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量分別為1477頭、1248頭、251頭、234頭,比去年同期減少70%以上。截至6月16日,安徽阜南高空燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量6231頭,比去年同期減少56.3%;蕭縣、阜南測報(bào)燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量分別為1663頭、157頭,與去年同期持平。截至6月17日,江蘇徐州豐縣測報(bào)燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量882頭,比去年同期減少65.9%。
 
  黃淮北部和華北大部遷入?yún)^(qū)蛾峰日集中在6月上旬末至中旬中期,多個(gè)監(jiān)測點(diǎn)蛾量接近或超過2023年同期。截至6月17日,河北吳橋、欒城、正定高空燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量分別為36861頭、7236頭、4085頭,其中吳橋、正定均是去年同期的2.9倍,欒城接近去年同期;大名、巨鹿、寧晉、臨西、正定、深澤、高邑、故城、饒陽、棗強(qiáng)、阜城、滄縣、大成、文安、鹿泉、安次等16個(gè)監(jiān)測點(diǎn)測報(bào)燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量均超過1000頭,累計(jì)誘蛾量超千頭的監(jiān)測點(diǎn)數(shù)量是去年的3倍,蛾峰日多在6月9—13日,比去年早5天左右,峰日蛾量多為幾百頭。截至6月16日,山東煙臺(tái)龍口高空燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量為2254頭,是去年同期的2.1倍;全省9個(gè)監(jiān)測點(diǎn)測報(bào)燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量在100—1000頭,此外,商河、鄆城、鄄城分別為5765頭、1320頭、1276頭,與去年同期持平,蛾峰日集中在6月9—15日,峰日蛾量多在幾十至200頭,商河6月9日最高2795頭。
 
  東北地區(qū)陸續(xù)見蛾,蛾量接近或略低于2023年同期。截至6月16日,內(nèi)蒙古烏拉特前旗高空燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量212頭,比全年同期高12.8%;烏拉特前旗、磴口、臨河區(qū)測報(bào)燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量34—88頭,低于去年同期。截至6月17日,遼寧建平測報(bào)燈單燈累計(jì)誘蛾量28頭,略低于去年同期;喀左6月18日出現(xiàn)蛾峰,比去年早10天,峰日單個(gè)誘蛾器平均誘蛾量79頭。
 
  另據(jù)全國昆蟲雷達(dá)聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)(http://ippiot.com/radar)監(jiān)測,6月4—13日,黃淮、華北、東北的5部昆蟲雷達(dá)持續(xù)監(jiān)測到棉鈴蟲跨區(qū)遷飛高密度種群。其中,6月11日晚至12日凌晨為集中遷飛高峰,當(dāng)晚河南七里營、濟(jì)陽,山東北隍島,遼寧東港,吉林公主嶺昆蟲雷達(dá)實(shí)測棉鈴蟲高空種群生物量0.5萬—2.3萬頭(注:5 部雷達(dá)均為垂測工作模式,波束寬度為 1.5°±0.2°,探測高度為 100—2000米)。
 
  寄主作物布局有利于棉鈴蟲發(fā)生為害
 
  當(dāng)前,黃淮、華北、東北等地玉米、花生、大豆、蔬菜等棉鈴蟲喜食作物種植面積大,且間作、套作等復(fù)合種植模式多,且夏玉米、大豆等多處于苗期,為二代棉鈴蟲繁殖為害提供了充足的食料條件,需警惕棉鈴蟲集中遷入后造成危害。
 
  天氣條件對(duì)遷入?yún)^(qū)幼蟲發(fā)生為害有利
 
  據(jù)國家氣候中心預(yù)測,未來20天,黃淮南部、江淮等地累計(jì)降水量有50—120毫米、部分地區(qū)有150—200毫米,西北地區(qū)南部、華北東部、東北地區(qū)等地累計(jì)降水量有15—40毫米,東北部分地區(qū)有50—60毫米,上述大部地區(qū)累計(jì)降水量較常年同期偏多3—7成,部分地區(qū)偏多1倍以上,對(duì)棉鈴蟲遷入種群產(chǎn)卵孵化和幼蟲發(fā)生為害有利。
 
  近年來,我國黃淮華北、東北南部和西北部分地區(qū)棉鈴蟲種群明顯上升,二代至四代在棉田外玉米、花生、大豆、蔬菜等其他作物田為害呈加重趨勢。各地應(yīng)注意加強(qiáng)各作物田的調(diào)查,及時(shí)指導(dǎo)開展卵期和低齡幼蟲期科學(xué)防治,降低危害損失水平。
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