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黃淮海地區(qū)粘蟲蛾量高 警惕局部出現(xiàn)暴發(fā)危害

2024-06-11 09:06:01 來源：全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務中心 閱讀量：15461 評論

導讀：近期，黃淮海、東北、西北等地一代粘蟲蛾量明顯上升，黃淮海大部地區(qū)峰期早、蛾量高，東北多點田間查見二代卵。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】 近期，黃淮海、東北、西北等地一代粘蟲蛾量明顯上升，黃淮海大部地區(qū)峰期早、蛾量高，東北多點田間查見二代卵。結(jié)合天氣條件和作物種植情況，預計二代粘蟲全國發(fā)生面積3500萬畝，總體中等程度發(fā)生，局部蛾量高、降水豐沛區(qū)域局部會出現(xiàn)高密度田塊，發(fā)生為害盛期為6月中下旬至7月上旬。
 
　　一、一代粘蟲發(fā)生輕、殘蟲量低
 
　　長江中下游、江淮、黃淮麥區(qū)一代粘蟲有蟲面積為403萬畝，比2023年減少19.2%，屬于輕發(fā)生年份；除湖北麥區(qū)中等程度發(fā)生外，其他地區(qū)麥田平均每平方米蟲量僅0.3頭，比2023年減少40%。全國防治或兼治面積769萬畝，防治后殘蟲量較低，平均每平方米0.2頭。
 
　　二、黃淮海地區(qū)峰期早、蛾量高，其他地區(qū)蛾量較低
 
　　5月下旬以來，各地陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)一代成蟲誘蛾高峰，與常年同期相比，南方地區(qū)、東北地區(qū)蛾量較低，但黃淮海地區(qū)呈現(xiàn)峰期早、蛾量高的特點。
 
　　各監(jiān)測點高空測報燈一代成蟲累計誘蛾量，廣西宜州700頭，廣東高州85頭，湖南江永104頭，陜西興平4008頭，山西萬榮13頭、芮城116頭，北京延慶204頭，吉林長嶺6頭，黑龍江雙城32頭。其中，黃淮海地區(qū)陜西興平、北京延慶同比分別增加56倍、50倍，其他監(jiān)測點與常年同期持平或偏低。
 
　　5月底至6月初，河南、山西、河北等黃淮海地區(qū)多個監(jiān)測點普通測報燈下同期出現(xiàn)蛾峰，較常年提前5天左右，且蛾量明顯高于常年或去年同期。其中，河南沁陽、鄲城、淮陽區(qū)、長葛、安陽等地峰日為5月27—29日，峰日蛾量180—450頭，峰期累計誘蛾量為500—2000頭；山西峰日為5月26日—6月1日，全省有3個監(jiān)測點峰期累計誘蛾量大于200頭；河北峰日為5月28日—6月2日，全省有12個監(jiān)測點峰期累計誘蛾量為100—1000頭，有8個監(jiān)測點峰期累計誘蛾量為1000—4000頭，而常年(去年)同期無明顯蛾峰。此外，江淮地區(qū)普通測報燈和性誘捕器誘蛾量較低，其中江蘇全省12個監(jiān)測點5月下旬以來累計誘蛾量837頭，高淳區(qū)測報燈峰日蛾量最高74頭，鹽城性誘捕器峰日蛾量最高79頭。
 
　　東北地區(qū)誘蛾量總體較低。5月份以來普通測報燈累計誘蛾量，內(nèi)蒙古托克托縣、達拉特旗60—80頭，遼寧彰武、建平分別為41頭、30頭。吉林各監(jiān)測點性誘捕器累計誘蛾量一般為5—31頭。黑龍江20個縣262臺監(jiān)測設備誘到成蟲，平均單臺累計誘蛾量65頭，接近常年同期。
 
　　三、東北地區(qū)田間見卵
 
　　自5月底以來，東北地區(qū)多點田間見卵。其中，內(nèi)蒙古通遼市3個旗縣10個谷草把累計誘卵85.5塊，比去年同期高48.7%，其中科左后旗10個谷草把最高誘卵19塊、卵粒數(shù)最高240粒；遼寧建平10個草把累計誘卵6塊，平均卵粒數(shù)55粒；吉林九臺、公主嶺、磐石、永吉累計誘卵21塊，平均卵粒數(shù)101粒，九臺最高卵粒數(shù)525粒。
 
　　四、天氣條件對華北東北等地粘蟲發(fā)生有利
 
　　據(jù)國家氣候中心預測，6月份玉米主產(chǎn)區(qū)大部地區(qū)氣溫接近常年同期到偏高，西北地區(qū)東部降水偏多，對二代粘蟲的發(fā)生為害有利，東北南部、華北東部、黃淮東部等地降水明顯偏少，對其發(fā)生有不利影響；未來10天，華北北部、內(nèi)蒙古東部、東北地區(qū)大部等地累計降水量有15—40毫米，局地超過50毫米，降水量較常年同期偏多3—7成，局部偏多1倍以上，對一代成蟲的持續(xù)遷入以及二代卵和幼蟲的孵化有利。
 
　　鑒于粘蟲成蟲遷飛能力強、低齡幼蟲為害隱蔽的特點，各地要認真做好成蟲種群發(fā)生動態(tài)監(jiān)測，同時做好谷子田和雜草多的玉米田卵和幼蟲系統(tǒng)調(diào)查，尤其是前期集中遷入的黃淮海地區(qū)要特別提高警惕，防止出現(xiàn)高密度集中為害。

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