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2020年新疆耕地質(zhì)量等級情況公報

2021-03-23 09:52:07 來源：新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳 閱讀量：24057 評論

導(dǎo)讀：新疆耕地按質(zhì)量等級由高到低依次劃分為一至十等，平均等級為5.11等，比上年有所提升。其中，評價為一至三等的耕地面積為2157.73萬畝，占耕地總面積的27.44%。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 以習(xí)近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導(dǎo)，落實“藏糧于地、藏糧于技”戰(zhàn)略，新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳依據(jù)《耕地質(zhì)量調(diào)查監(jiān)測與評價辦法》(農(nóng)業(yè)部令2016年第2號)和《耕地質(zhì)量等級》(GB/T33469-2016)國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，組織完成新疆耕地質(zhì)量等級調(diào)查評價工作。評價以新疆7863.43萬畝耕地為基數(shù)，將全疆耕地土壤圖、土地利用現(xiàn)狀圖、行政區(qū)劃圖疊加形成的圖斑為評價單元，在全國耕地評價因子總集中，選取立地條件、剖面性狀、耕層理化性狀、養(yǎng)分狀況、土壤管理和土壤健康狀況等方面的評價指標(biāo)對耕地質(zhì)量進(jìn)行綜合評價，完成了新疆耕地質(zhì)量等級劃分。現(xiàn)將結(jié)果公布如下：
 
　　一、新疆耕地質(zhì)量總體情況
 
　　新疆耕地按質(zhì)量等級由高到低依次劃分為一至十等，平均等級為5.11等，比上年有所提升。其中，評價為一至三等的耕地面積為2157.73萬畝，占耕地總面積的27.44%。這部分耕地以潮土、草甸土和灌淤土為主，主要分布在平原中階和平原低階，基礎(chǔ)地力較高，灌溉能力基本為滿足和充分滿足，基本不存在障礙因素。
 
　　評價為四至六等的耕地面積為3326.23萬畝，占耕地總面積的42.30%。這部分耕地以潮土、草甸土和棕鈣土為主，主要分布在平原低階和平原中階，灌溉能力基本為滿足和基本滿足，農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)具備一定基礎(chǔ)，鹽堿、障礙層次為主要障礙因素。
 
　　評價為七至十等的耕地面積為2379.47萬畝，占耕地總面積的30.26%。這部分耕地以草甸土、棕鈣土和潮土為主，主要分布在平原中階和平原高階，灌溉能力基本為基本滿足和不滿足，基礎(chǔ)地力相對較差，農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)不完善，干旱灌溉型、障礙層次、鹽堿、瘠薄和沙化等障礙因素較為突出。
 
　　2020年新疆耕地質(zhì)量等級比例分布圖見圖1。
 

圖1 新疆耕地質(zhì)量等級比例分布圖
 
　　二、分區(qū)概述
 
　　按照中國綜合農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃，兼顧土壤類型、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)條件、行政區(qū)劃等因素，將新疆耕地劃分為南疆農(nóng)牧林區(qū)和北疆農(nóng)牧林區(qū)2個二級農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)。耕地質(zhì)量等級情況分述如下：
 
　　(一)南疆農(nóng)牧林區(qū) 包括和田地區(qū)、吐魯番市、阿克蘇地區(qū)、喀什地區(qū)、巴音郭楞蒙古自治州、哈密南、克孜勒蘇柯爾克孜自治州等，總耕地面積3473.54萬畝，約占全疆評價耕地面積的44.17%。南疆農(nóng)牧林區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量平均等級為5.22等。
 
　　評價為一至三等的高等級耕地面積為872.55萬畝，占該二級區(qū)耕地面積的25.12%。主要分布在阿克蘇地區(qū)、喀什地區(qū)和巴音郭楞蒙古自治州。這部分耕地以灌淤土、潮土和草甸土為主，無明顯障礙因素，土壤養(yǎng)分含量較高，農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施完善，農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量高。
 
　　評價為四至六等的中等級耕地面積為1572.13萬畝，占該二級區(qū)耕地面積的45.26%。主要分布在喀什地區(qū)、阿克蘇地區(qū)和巴音郭楞蒙古自治州。這部分耕地以灌淤土、草甸土和潮土為主，耕地基礎(chǔ)地力中等，該等級部分耕地受鹽堿、障礙層次等障礙因素影響導(dǎo)致供肥性能較差，今后應(yīng)重點加強(qiáng)農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。
 
　　評價為七至十等的低等級耕地面積為1028.86萬畝，占該二級區(qū)耕地面積的29.62%。主要分布在阿克蘇地區(qū)、喀什地區(qū)和巴音郭楞蒙古自治州。這部分耕地以草甸土、潮土和灌淤土為主，耕地基礎(chǔ)地力相對較差，水資源及農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施缺乏，障礙因素以鹽堿和障礙層次較為突出，生產(chǎn)力水平低。今后應(yīng)大力加強(qiáng)灌排設(shè)施建設(shè)，探索應(yīng)用生物有機(jī)肥、土壤改良劑來提高地力。
 
圖2南疆農(nóng)牧林區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量等級比例分布圖
 
　　(二)北疆農(nóng)牧林區(qū) 包括阿勒泰地區(qū)、塔城地區(qū)、伊犁哈薩克自治州、克拉瑪依市、昌吉回族自治州、哈密北、烏魯木齊市、博爾塔拉蒙古自治州等，總耕地面積4389.89萬畝，占全疆評價耕地總面積的55.83%。北疆農(nóng)牧林區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量平均等級為5.02等。
 
　　評價為一至三等的高等級耕地面積為1285.36萬畝，占該二級區(qū)耕地面積的29.28%。主要分布在伊犁哈薩克自治州、昌吉回族自治州和塔城地區(qū)。這部分耕地以性狀良好的潮土和草甸土為主，沒有明顯的障礙因素，土壤供肥能力較強(qiáng)，作物產(chǎn)量較高。
 
　　評價為四至六等的中等級耕地面積為1753.76萬畝，占該二級區(qū)耕地面積的39.95%，是全疆中等級耕地比例高的區(qū)域。主要分布在塔城地區(qū)、昌吉回族自治州和伊犁哈薩克自治州。這部分耕地以棕鈣土和潮土為主。該部分耕地重要障礙因素為障礙層次和鹽堿，灌溉條件一般，導(dǎo)致土壤供肥性能不能充分發(fā)揮，是部分經(jīng)濟(jì)作物增產(chǎn)潛力較大的區(qū)域。
 
　　評價為七至十等的低等級耕地面積為1350.77萬畝，占該二級區(qū)耕地面積的30.77%。主要分布在塔城地區(qū)、昌吉回族自治州和伊犁哈薩克自治州。這部分耕地以棕鈣土、灰漠土和栗鈣土為主。該部分耕地障礙因素以障礙層次、瘠薄等較為突出且灌溉設(shè)施缺乏。今后應(yīng)重點開展農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，改良土壤，提高灌溉效率。
 
圖3北疆農(nóng)牧林區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量等級比例分布圖

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