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耕地保護(hù)丨全國各省多措并舉護(hù)良田

2022-02-15 09:58:12 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：42899 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：2021年末，中共中央政治局常委會(huì)會(huì)議專題研究“三農(nóng)”工作。習(xí)近平總書記再次對(duì)耕地保護(hù)提出明確要求：18億畝耕地必須實(shí)至名歸，農(nóng)田就是農(nóng)田，而且必須是良田。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】國以民為本，民以食為天，土為糧之母，耕地是糧食安全的載體。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，1957年至1996年，我國耕地年均凈減少超過600萬畝；1996年至2008年，年均凈減少超過1000萬畝；2009年至2019年，年均凈減少超過1100萬畝。這一趨勢(shì)反映在人均耕地面積上是，一調(diào)(第一次全國土地調(diào)查)為1.59畝、二調(diào)1.52畝、三調(diào)1.36畝。
 
　　需警惕的是，現(xiàn)有耕地19.18億畝，如果以這樣的速度減少，10年后可能會(huì)突破18億畝紅線。嚴(yán)格土地管理，直接關(guān)系到國家糧食安全。守住耕地紅線，不僅數(shù)量上不能減少，質(zhì)量上也不能搞“變通”。2021年末，中共中央政治局常委會(huì)會(huì)議專題研究“三農(nóng)”工作。習(xí)近平總書記再次對(duì)耕地保護(hù)提出明確要求：18億畝耕地必須實(shí)至名歸，農(nóng)田就是農(nóng)田，而且必須是良田。
 

　　目前，一些省份耕地保有量已突破耕地紅線，有的甚至低于劃定的永久基本農(nóng)田面積。近期，為響應(yīng)這一重要號(hào)召，全國多省/市開始推行或?qū)嵤┫嚓P(guān)舉措支持耕地保護(hù)。
 
　　黑龍江打造黑土保護(hù)“龍江模式”2.0版
　　
　　為了進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)保護(hù)黑土地，不斷升級(jí)黑土地保護(hù)“龍江模式”，推進(jìn)中國科學(xué)院“黑土糧倉”科技會(huì)戰(zhàn)實(shí)施，夯實(shí)黑龍江省在保障國家糧食安全中的“壓艙石”和“穩(wěn)壓器”作用，省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳組織了來自中科院東北地理所、省農(nóng)科院、省黑土保護(hù)利用研究院等19家單位、30余位專家，共同成立了黑土耕地保護(hù)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新推廣體系(簡(jiǎn)稱黑土體系)。這也是全國首個(gè)黑土地保護(hù)專家體系。
 
　　湖南省實(shí)施《中華人民共和國土地管理法》辦法
 
　　《湖南省實(shí)施<中華人民共和國土地管理法>辦法》于2022年1月19日經(jīng)湖南省第十三屆人民代表大會(huì)第五次會(huì)議通過，已予公布，自2022年3月1日起施行。
 
　　《陜西省耕地保護(hù)激勵(lì)暫行辦法》印發(fā)
 
　　日前，省政府辦公廳印發(fā)《陜西省耕地保護(hù)激勵(lì)暫行辦法》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《辦法》)，進(jìn)一步落實(shí)好最嚴(yán)格的耕地保護(hù)制度，建立健全適應(yīng)我省經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展水平的耕地保護(hù)激勵(lì)機(jī)制，助力鄉(xiāng)村振興。
 
　　《辦法》明確，全省每年確定3個(gè)市、15個(gè)縣(市、區(qū))、100個(gè)鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))人民政府作為省級(jí)激勵(lì)對(duì)象，對(duì)受省級(jí)激勵(lì)鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))人民政府一次性給予100萬元資金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)?！掇k法》提出，省級(jí)自然資源管理部門牽頭負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)全省耕地保護(hù)工作進(jìn)行考核評(píng)價(jià)，并對(duì)耕地保護(hù)激勵(lì)資金進(jìn)行跟蹤問效?！掇k法》要求，省級(jí)耕地保護(hù)激勵(lì)資金主要用于農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施后期管護(hù)與修繕、耕地開發(fā)和耕地質(zhì)量提升、永久基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)與保護(hù)。
 
　　浙江省計(jì)劃落實(shí)最嚴(yán)耕地保護(hù)制度
 
　　為提升耕地質(zhì)量，加強(qiáng)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)，浙江省將以“田長(zhǎng)制”為載體，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化耕地用途管制制度、耕地占補(bǔ)平衡制度、耕地進(jìn)出平衡制度、耕地目標(biāo)責(zé)任考核制度等一系列剛性約束制度管地，強(qiáng)化補(bǔ)充耕地項(xiàng)目選址審查，嚴(yán)把驗(yàn)收關(guān)，創(chuàng)新后期管護(hù)方式，實(shí)施耕地質(zhì)量保護(hù)與提升行動(dòng)，確保“占優(yōu)補(bǔ)優(yōu)”，做到“占劣補(bǔ)優(yōu)”。
 
　　同時(shí)，持續(xù)推進(jìn)“百千萬”永久基本農(nóng)田集中連片整治工程、鄉(xiāng)村全域土地綜合整治“3+X”2.0工程，形成一批“百畝方、千畝方、萬畝方”集中連片優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地。充分運(yùn)用數(shù)字化改革成果精準(zhǔn)管地，推廣“耕地智保”“天巡地查”應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景，實(shí)行全覆蓋、無死角的動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)管，實(shí)現(xiàn)違法違規(guī)占用耕地行為、耕地變化“早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早制止、早處置”。
 
　　江蘇省財(cái)政下達(dá)15億元支持耕地保護(hù)
 
　　為促進(jìn)土地資源合理利用，提高國土空間治理能力，保障糧食安全。近期，江蘇省財(cái)政廳下達(dá)市縣新增建設(shè)用地土地有償使用費(fèi)15億元，統(tǒng)籌用于基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)、耕地開發(fā)、國土空間全域綜合整治等項(xiàng)目。
 
　　四川構(gòu)建“五級(jí)”耕保網(wǎng)格化監(jiān)管體系
 
　　近日召開的2022年四川省自然資源工作會(huì)議提出，積極推行“田長(zhǎng)制”，推動(dòng)建立耕地保護(hù)“省、市、縣、鄉(xiāng)、村”五級(jí)網(wǎng)格化監(jiān)管體系。會(huì)議提出，2022年全面加強(qiáng)耕地保護(hù)，堅(jiān)決守住耕地保護(hù)紅線，壓緊壓實(shí)耕地保護(hù)責(zé)任。會(huì)議明確，落實(shí)最嚴(yán)格的節(jié)約集約用地制度，制定《四川省建設(shè)項(xiàng)目節(jié)地評(píng)價(jià)規(guī)程》，規(guī)范審批標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、細(xì)化審查要點(diǎn)，從嚴(yán)管控占用耕地特別是永久基本農(nóng)田。
 
　　13億人口的吃飯問題，始終是我國一件頭等重要的大事，保證國家糧食安全，最根本的是保護(hù)耕地。保護(hù)耕地就是保護(hù)我們自己和子孫后代。當(dāng)下，我們面臨耕地質(zhì)量保護(hù)和數(shù)量保護(hù)這一世界級(jí)難題，也是一個(gè)需要持續(xù)長(zhǎng)期去攻關(guān)的課題。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)（epigene.com.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：黑龍江日?qǐng)?bào)、陜西日?qǐng)?bào)、浙江日?qǐng)?bào)、湖南人大網(wǎng)、江蘇省財(cái)政廳、中國新聞網(wǎng)、中國自然資源報(bào)

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