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甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機械化助力西雙版納州甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展

2020-01-13 08:49:34 來源：云南西雙版納州農(nóng)機推廣站 閱讀量：18443 評論

導(dǎo)讀：隨著甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)方式已不能滿足甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的需求。在新的形勢下，充分利用甘蔗下田這一有利條件，結(jié)合農(nóng)藝措施與農(nóng)機技術(shù)應(yīng)用，開展甘蔗機械化作業(yè)，大幅度減少勞動力、勞動強度，提高工效、降低成本，轉(zhuǎn)變生產(chǎn)方式，提高單位面積產(chǎn)量，使甘蔗種植向節(jié)約、增效、輕簡化發(fā)展，推快甘蔗現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)變進程。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】隨著甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)方式已不能滿足甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的需求。在新的形勢下，充分利用甘蔗下田這一有利條件，結(jié)合農(nóng)藝措施與農(nóng)機技術(shù)應(yīng)用，開展甘蔗機械化作業(yè)，大幅度減少勞動力、勞動強度，提高工效、降低成本，轉(zhuǎn)變生產(chǎn)方式，提高單位面積產(chǎn)量，使甘蔗種植向節(jié)約、增效、輕簡化發(fā)展，推快甘蔗現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)變進程。
 
　　傳統(tǒng)的甘蔗生產(chǎn)方式隨著農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和農(nóng)村勞動力轉(zhuǎn)移，存在著勞動力不足，強度大，生產(chǎn)成本逐年增高、比較效益逐漸降低、產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力不斷下降，甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨著很大的困難。而勐海蔗區(qū)人少地多，水田連片面積大，勞動力緊張，加之目前各種產(chǎn)業(yè)進駐較快，已嚴重威脅到甘蔗種植。為解決這一現(xiàn)狀，云南勐海縣農(nóng)業(yè)機械化技術(shù)推廣站通過不斷試驗探索研究，完善農(nóng)機和農(nóng)藝的配套技術(shù)，提高農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)機生產(chǎn)組織化程度，使甘蔗生產(chǎn)朝專業(yè)化、規(guī)?；⒓s化經(jīng)營方向發(fā)展，穩(wěn)步推進甘蔗生產(chǎn)機械化進程，有力促進西雙版納州甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。
 
　　按照甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機械化技術(shù)要求，對現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)組裝配套，建立適應(yīng)全縣甘蔗下田種植、培土、施肥、病蟲害防治、機械化收獲等應(yīng)用技術(shù)推廣，以下主要對機械化種植、機械化收獲等薄弱環(huán)節(jié)作歸納。
 
　　通過對勐海縣景真遮區(qū)勐遮鎮(zhèn)5000畝面積的全程機械化種植示范推廣，實現(xiàn)開溝、砍種、施肥、蓋土、蓋膜工序聯(lián)合機械化作業(yè)， 甘蔗全程機械化種植，是采用大馬力拖拉機深犁備耕，甘蔗種植使用集砍種、擺種、施肥、蓋膜、蓋土為一體的大馬力機械種植機進行作業(yè)。每臺種植機每天8小時可視田塊大小種20～30畝；與人工種植相比，效率大大提高，人工種植每人每天種植的面積只有0.3～0.5畝。
 
　　通過對種植品種的選擇、種植行距、種植密度、施肥量、損失率、間套種等方面的研究，總結(jié)出一套適宜大田機械化種植的建設(shè)模式，為大面積的推廣提高技術(shù)支撐。
 
　　通過農(nóng)機和農(nóng)藝相結(jié)合使用寬窄行種植方式，改善蔗地通風(fēng)透光條件，提高光能利用率。便于甘蔗機械化操作，減少機械對甘蔗損傷和對蔗田土壤的破壞，涵養(yǎng)水土，提高工作效率實行機耕、機耙、機收，降低勞動成本。通過調(diào)節(jié)甘蔗種植行距，促進甘蔗生長的同時，利于開展間套種，增加蔗田綜合效益，增加農(nóng)民收入。
 
　　機械化聯(lián)合收獲：使用甘蔗聯(lián)合收割機一次性完成切梢、砍倒、剝?nèi)~、碎葉、裝車作業(yè)的機械化生產(chǎn)方式。與人工砍收相比,機械砍收噸蔗成本比人工砍收成本降低33%以上。
 
　　示范區(qū)甘蔗通過實地調(diào)查全程機械化種植比傳統(tǒng)種植方式每畝可節(jié)本增效1490元，示范區(qū)可節(jié)本增效745萬元，經(jīng)濟效益顯著。
 
　　總之，機械化的推廣應(yīng)用，將提高勞動生產(chǎn)率，切實解決農(nóng)民種植、砍收甘蔗請工難的現(xiàn)實需要。也將會給西雙版納州的甘蔗下田帶來突破性進展，有利于穩(wěn)步推進蔗糖業(yè)的健康發(fā)展，為進一步推進我州甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機械化發(fā)展奠定了良好基礎(chǔ)。

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