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2019年甘蔗生產(chǎn)后期管理技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見

2019-11-26 14:42:31 來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部新聞辦公室 閱讀量：15735 評論

導(dǎo)讀：2019年，我國南方主產(chǎn)蔗區(qū)前期干旱較重，降雨相對較少，甘蔗成熟早。針對這種情況，全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心會同農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部糖料專家指導(dǎo)組，研究制定了《2019年甘蔗生產(chǎn)后期管理技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見》。

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　　農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部糖料專家指導(dǎo)組
 
　　全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心
 
　　2019年，我國南方主產(chǎn)蔗區(qū)前期干旱較重，降雨相對較少，甘蔗成熟早。針對這種情況，全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心會同農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部糖料專家指導(dǎo)組，研究制定了《2019年甘蔗生產(chǎn)后期管理技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見》。
 
　　一、改善通風(fēng)透光條件
 
　　甘蔗生產(chǎn)后期，要及時剝除枯葉，改善田間通風(fēng)透光條件，減少病蟲害發(fā)生危害。對田間濕度大，長勢郁蔽和病蟲害嚴(yán)重的田塊要更多剝除枯葉，剝下的枯葉盡可能帶出蔗田。剝?nèi)~的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以每條莖保留9-10片新葉為宜。
 
　　二、做好抗災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作
 
　　甘蔗生產(chǎn)后期遭受臺風(fēng)的，要做好減災(zāi)工作，對倒伏的甘蔗植株要及時捆蔗扶正，在植株的三分之二高處，用繩子或枯葉將兩行甘蔗捆成人字型，或?qū)⑾噜彽膸字旮收崂Τ梢皇?，使甘蔗呈直立狀態(tài)，保持繼續(xù)生長。扶正的甘蔗恢復(fù)生長15天后，再解開繩子。
 
　　三、預(yù)防甘蔗低溫霜凍
 
　　甘蔗生產(chǎn)后期容易遭受低溫霜凍。對海拔較高或緯度偏北、往年受低溫霜凍的蔗區(qū)，進入成熟期后要注意關(guān)注天氣預(yù)報，在霜凍前適當(dāng)灌水，保持田間濕度，降低霜凍危害。
 
　　四、把握時機適時收獲
 
　　甘蔗進入生產(chǎn)后期，葉色由青綠轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭蔹S，青葉片數(shù)逐漸減少，枯葉片數(shù)由上而下逐漸增加，表明甘蔗已經(jīng)成熟。甘蔗收獲要以先熟先收砍、晚熟晚收砍為原則，先收早熟品種，再收中熟品種，后收晚熟品種。對于留養(yǎng)宿根的蔗地，在大寒過后進行收砍較為適宜，有利于蔗芽的萌發(fā)出土。
 
　　五、入土低砍保護蔗篼
 
　　推廣入土收獲，甘蔗收砍要采用鋒利的小鋤，實行快鋤低砍，入土5厘米進行收砍，以降低宿根發(fā)芽部位，減少蔗樁破裂。
 
　　六、大力提倡蔗葉還田
 
　　甘蔗收獲后，對田間的蔗葉，晾曬一周，待蔗葉基本干枯，采用拖拉機配套蔗葉粉碎機對田間蔗葉進行粉碎還田，增加土壤肥力；在沒有蔗葉粉碎機械的蔗區(qū)，可人工對蔗葉進行清理，隔行覆蓋在蔗溝上。
 
　　七、加強宿根甘蔗管理
 
　　對12月份前收砍的甘蔗，要對留養(yǎng)的宿根進行施肥培土和地膜覆蓋。在宿根根部，每畝施用尿素15-20千克，然后進行培土，覆土厚度4-6厘米；覆土后，要及時進行地膜覆蓋，好進行地膜全覆蓋，確保蔗田土壤溫度，促進蔗蔸蔗芽萌發(fā)。

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