深度：看農(nóng)機(jī)市場(chǎng)常態(tài) 分析補(bǔ)貼政策利弊

2016-11-18 17:37:25 來(lái)源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：18863 評(píng)論

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】近日，寧波邊防支隊(duì)高塘邊防派出所偵破了一起利用貼牌銷售方式騙取國(guó)家巨額補(bǔ)貼的特大農(nóng)機(jī)詐騙案，涉案金額達(dá)800多萬(wàn)元，抓獲嫌疑人6名。這一出“貍貓換太子”的大戲引起了社會(huì)極大的關(guān)注。自家的農(nóng)機(jī)卻要貼上別人的牌子賣，這不僅僅是農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼實(shí)施的漏洞，同時(shí)也折射出我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)市場(chǎng)對(duì)補(bǔ)貼政策的依賴性非常大，關(guān)于這一現(xiàn)象的利弊分析，還值得我們?nèi)ド钏肌?/div>
　
　　
　　農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械普及
　　
　　自2004年11月11日《中華人民共和國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化促進(jìn)法》規(guī)定給予農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼以來(lái)，我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化迎來(lái)跨越式發(fā)展的“黃金十年”，每年中央財(cái)政都投入大量資金，再加上地方補(bǔ)貼，極大地提高了農(nóng)民的購(gòu)機(jī)熱情，推動(dòng)了農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的普及。
　　
　　據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，2004—2014年中央財(cái)政共安排農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼資金1200億元，補(bǔ)貼購(gòu)置各類農(nóng)機(jī)具超過(guò)3500萬(wàn)臺(tái)（套）。全國(guó)農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化水平由2003年的33%提高到2014年的61%，推動(dòng)了全國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)總動(dòng)力快速增長(zhǎng)，耕種收綜合機(jī)械化水平持續(xù)提高，為保障我國(guó)糧食安全和農(nóng)民增收，鞏固農(nóng)業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的基礎(chǔ)地位發(fā)揮了重要作用。但近兩年來(lái)，農(nóng)機(jī)行業(yè)各種弊端開始凸顯，農(nóng)機(jī)市場(chǎng)開始疲軟。
　　
　　農(nóng)機(jī)市場(chǎng)對(duì)農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼政策依賴性大
　　
　　農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼政策一方面推動(dòng)了我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展，但另一方面也促使農(nóng)機(jī)市場(chǎng)過(guò)多依賴補(bǔ)貼政策。就像不久前寧波警方破獲的特大農(nóng)機(jī)詐騙案，為了謀取補(bǔ)貼，寧愿貼上別人的牌子賣自家產(chǎn)品，只因自家農(nóng)機(jī)不在補(bǔ)貼目錄上，沒(méi)法享受“特殊”待遇。
　　
　　此外，我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)市場(chǎng)上，補(bǔ)貼目錄的存在還帶來(lái)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)選擇問(wèn)題。農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)每年都會(huì)看補(bǔ)貼目錄，有些機(jī)器性能與品質(zhì)再好，若不在補(bǔ)貼目錄上，企業(yè)生產(chǎn)和銷售時(shí)就要考慮再三。從農(nóng)機(jī)詐騙案中可以看出，有的企業(yè)要賺的就是那些補(bǔ)貼款，而作為購(gòu)買者，自然也更傾向于有補(bǔ)貼的產(chǎn)品。因此，這種跟著補(bǔ)貼走的行為往往導(dǎo)致一些企業(yè)在沒(méi)有補(bǔ)貼的情況下連成本都收不回來(lái)，在一定程度上有違市場(chǎng)規(guī)律。
　　
　　農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼是我國(guó)在特定情況下所采取的一項(xiàng)惠農(nóng)扶持政策，它并不能一直都存在，當(dāng)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展到一定成熟階段以后，補(bǔ)貼或許會(huì)逐漸減少，甚至沒(méi)有。到時(shí)候那些一直以來(lái)依賴補(bǔ)貼政策的企業(yè)又該何去何從呢？
　　
　　未來(lái)應(yīng)弱化補(bǔ)貼效應(yīng) 專注自身實(shí)力
　　
　　就目前來(lái)看，農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼一直都在調(diào)整，今年更是開始突出重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)品，那些低端、過(guò)剩、低附加值的產(chǎn)品不再進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼。因此，企業(yè)不能像沒(méi)斷奶的孩子，渾渾噩噩靠著補(bǔ)貼過(guò)日子。農(nóng)機(jī)市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)向來(lái)都是弱肉強(qiáng)食的，“物競(jìng)天擇、適者生存”到哪里都適用，如果不增強(qiáng)自己的實(shí)力，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)沒(méi)學(xué)會(huì)吃飯就斷奶的情況。
　　
　　在剛剛過(guò)去的2016中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)展中，我們可以看到不少國(guó)產(chǎn)農(nóng)機(jī)正在實(shí)現(xiàn)自身蛻變，中國(guó)一拖、雷沃重工、時(shí)風(fēng)等國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)向世界展示了企業(yè)實(shí)力與創(chuàng)新成果，增強(qiáng)了國(guó)名對(duì)國(guó)產(chǎn)農(nóng)機(jī)的信心。所以，未來(lái)，農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)應(yīng)該擺脫補(bǔ)貼效應(yīng)，優(yōu)化升級(jí)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，專注自身實(shí)力的提升，生產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品才是企業(yè)健康生存之道。
　　
　　結(jié)語(yǔ)：寧波警方破獲的特大農(nóng)機(jī)詐騙案驚醒了不少還在“沉睡”中的農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)。雖然農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼政策還在實(shí)行，其相關(guān)調(diào)整也在繼續(xù)，未來(lái)政策走向如何無(wú)定數(shù)。但作為企業(yè)只需明白：“打鐵還需自身硬”，在農(nóng)機(jī)市場(chǎng)愈演愈烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中，單靠補(bǔ)貼是無(wú)法長(zhǎng)久發(fā)展的，企業(yè)若沒(méi)有拿得出手的實(shí)力，終究是會(huì)被淘汰的。

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