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深入推進農(nóng)業(yè)保險，有效規(guī)避農(nóng)業(yè)風險

2018-06-30 17:49:50 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：34937 評論

導(dǎo)讀：建立健全完善的農(nóng)業(yè)風險防范體系，能夠更加有效為農(nóng)民在災(zāi)害面前規(guī)避風險，切實保障農(nóng)民利益，為我國“三農(nóng)”發(fā)展保駕護航。但是由于小農(nóng)戶風險意識薄弱、農(nóng)業(yè)保險的發(fā)展規(guī)模普遍還滯后于現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展、險種較為單一等原因使得我國的農(nóng)業(yè)保險發(fā)展還有很長一段路要走。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】建立健全完善的農(nóng)業(yè)風險防范體系，能夠更加有效為農(nóng)民在災(zāi)害面前規(guī)避風險，切實保障農(nóng)民利益，為我國“三農(nóng)”發(fā)展保駕護航。但是由于小農(nóng)戶風險意識薄弱、農(nóng)業(yè)保險的發(fā)展規(guī)模普遍還滯后于現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展、險種較為單一等原因使得我國的農(nóng)業(yè)保險發(fā)展還有很長一段路要走。
 
　　險種、費率差異化個性化有待提高
 
　　我國的農(nóng)業(yè)保險體系發(fā)展相對而言還不夠成熟，對于那些大型企業(yè)來說保險品種較為單一，個性化、差異化的產(chǎn)品保險比較缺乏。同時，相對粗放的保險費率模式也在一定程度上影響了農(nóng)業(yè)保險的發(fā)展。
 
　　不同地區(qū)、不同氣候條件乃至于不同農(nóng)作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)的生產(chǎn)風險執(zhí)行差別化費率極為重要，逐步精細化的管理顯然使得不同地區(qū)的人對農(nóng)業(yè)保險也能夠有更高的認可度。完善補貼模式，建立分不同保障水平的差異化補貼模式；豐富保險險種，建立農(nóng)作物災(zāi)情數(shù)據(jù)庫，借助于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)及大數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)展的東風建立健全保險體系，更加科學(xué)有效地對待災(zāi)情帶來風險。
 
　　加強政府支持力度，擴大補貼范圍
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)保險是一種靠天吃飯的險種，收費低。風險高。賠付率大，這也就意味著很有可能一個災(zāi)年就使得保險公司以往數(shù)年積累的資金全部一朝殆盡。此外，因其涉及面廣等因素制約，就需要政府的專項支持。
 
　　當前我國的農(nóng)業(yè)保險補貼涵蓋了種植業(yè)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)以及一些其他品種，覆蓋面廣，其覆蓋責任主要針對的是當?shù)氐淖匀粸?zāi)害、重大病蟲害以及意外事故，但是在其他方面來說財政補貼水平依然較小。因此，應(yīng)當加大政府支持力度，尤其是在財政支持方面，擴大補貼范圍，盡量豐富農(nóng)業(yè)保險的產(chǎn)品供給，滿足多元化需求。
 
　　進一步促進農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，在根本上提高對農(nóng)業(yè)保險的需求
 
　　雖然農(nóng)業(yè)保險有利于農(nóng)戶規(guī)避風險，保障收益，但是對于很多地區(qū)的農(nóng)民來說，他們受傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)風險自留觀念影響，對于農(nóng)業(yè)保險的預(yù)期收益并不高，保險意識還較為薄弱；同時，猶豫今年來農(nóng)民通過勞動力的流動來補償農(nóng)作物的損失等方式，使得農(nóng)業(yè)收入占農(nóng)民收入比重下降，這也在一定程度上降低了農(nóng)業(yè)保險的需求；而不得不說，對于貧困地區(qū)的農(nóng)民，他們有限的支付水平也影響著農(nóng)業(yè)保險的有效需求。
 
　　進一步促進“三農(nóng)”發(fā)展，從根本上提高農(nóng)業(yè)保險的需求。通過主流媒體的宣傳等方式使農(nóng)民對農(nóng)業(yè)保險有更加正確的認知，認識到農(nóng)業(yè)保險是解決“三農(nóng)”問題的重要措施；另外，農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，農(nóng)民的收入水平提高，農(nóng)業(yè)保險投保所帶來的經(jīng)濟壓力降低，農(nóng)業(yè)保險需求量自然有所提高。
 
　　合理選擇保險運作模式及保險實施方式
 
　　區(qū)別于美國、加拿大的政府主導(dǎo)參與型模式、日本的政府支持下的社會互助模式以及西歐的政府資助的商業(yè)保險模式，我們國家選擇的是政府重點選擇性扶持模式。這種模式下的農(nóng)業(yè)保險主要由政府專門農(nóng)業(yè)保險記過或者是國家保險公司提供，險種少、程度低、保障范圍小。
 
　　合理選擇保險運作模式及保險實施方式，適當采用強制投保的政策性保險和自愿投保的市場性保險相結(jié)合的原則，使農(nóng)業(yè)保險能夠真正惠及千家萬戶。
 
　　建立健全有關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)保險的相關(guān)法律體系
 
　　很顯然，我國在農(nóng)業(yè)保險方面的法律制度還不夠完善，缺乏一套完整的法律法規(guī)和配套政策對農(nóng)業(yè)保險予以扶持。建立健全法律法規(guī)，出臺有關(guān)法規(guī)制度，用法律的像是明確農(nóng)業(yè)保險的各方面問題，形成發(fā)展政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險完備的法律、制度保證。
 
　　此文由本網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，部分資料來源：農(nóng)村金融理論、百度文庫，如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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