水稻應(yīng)對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)影響及災(zāi)后恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)意見(jiàn)

2024-07-30 08:34:51 來(lái)源：全國(guó)農(nóng)技中心 閱讀量：16449 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 當(dāng)前，東北地區(qū)一季稻陸續(xù)進(jìn)入孕穗至抽穗期，長(zhǎng)江下游和華南地區(qū)一季稻處于分蘗盛期至拔節(jié)孕穗期，雙季晚稻處于移栽至分蘗初期，是水稻產(chǎn)量形成或構(gòu)建健康群體的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。據(jù)中央氣象臺(tái)預(yù)報(bào)，8月將有3—4個(gè)臺(tái)風(fēng)生成，并有1—2個(gè)可能登陸我國(guó)。針對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)對(duì)水稻生產(chǎn)可能造成的不利影響和潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部水稻專家指導(dǎo)組會(huì)同全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心，指導(dǎo)各地以“排澇降漬、水肥調(diào)控、病蟲防治”為重點(diǎn)，做好水稻應(yīng)對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)影響及災(zāi)后恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)。
 
　　排澇降漬促恢復(fù)
 
　　加大機(jī)具和人力投入，提前清理疏通溝渠，挖好積水坑，做好排水準(zhǔn)備。臺(tái)風(fēng)過(guò)后，對(duì)受淹稻田，應(yīng)快速排除田間積水，減輕漬澇對(duì)水稻生長(zhǎng)的影響，特別要注意晚稻秧苗積水，防止長(zhǎng)時(shí)間積水導(dǎo)致莖葉腐化和爛根，提高植株根系活力。災(zāi)后如遇高溫晴熱天氣，切忌一次性排干田間水分，要分次排水，田間保留3厘米左右水層，防止高強(qiáng)度葉面蒸發(fā)導(dǎo)致植株生理失水。部分雙季晚稻沖毀的田塊，應(yīng)改種雜豆、早熟鮮玉米等作物，減輕損失。
 
　　根外追肥促生長(zhǎng)
 
　　加強(qiáng)水肥管理，退水后3—5天追肥。對(duì)東北地區(qū)部分種植晚熟品種的地塊，適時(shí)葉面噴施磷酸二氫鉀和植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑等，提高水稻光合作用和灌漿速率，提高結(jié)實(shí)率和千粒重，促進(jìn)安全成熟，降低早霜風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。對(duì)長(zhǎng)江下游、華南地區(qū)災(zāi)后生長(zhǎng)偏弱的一季稻田塊，采取根施和葉面噴施相結(jié)合，適量追施速效氮肥，或采用磷酸二氫鉀加少量尿素均勻噴霧；對(duì)處于分蘗至拔節(jié)期的雙季晚稻每畝補(bǔ)施尿素3—5公斤，提高植株抗病力，加快恢復(fù)生長(zhǎng)。
 
　　嚴(yán)控病蟲減損失
 
　　水稻受澇后導(dǎo)致葉片損傷，增加感病感蟲風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，臺(tái)風(fēng)過(guò)后要及時(shí)用藥全面防治1—2次。東北地區(qū)，稻瘟病、紋枯病、稻曲病堅(jiān)持預(yù)防為主，拔節(jié)孕穗期已防治的田塊，抽穗揚(yáng)花期前后進(jìn)行第2次噴藥預(yù)防。長(zhǎng)江下游和華南地區(qū)，一季稻重點(diǎn)在破口前7—10天及抽穗期，抓好稻瘟病、稻曲病及稻縱卷葉螟、二化螟、稻飛虱等病蟲防治；雙季晚稻加強(qiáng)拔節(jié)期及孕穗期的白葉枯病、稻瘟病、紋枯病及稻縱卷葉螟、稻飛虱的防治。

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