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當(dāng)前水稻抗洪澇促恢復(fù)生長技術(shù)意見

2024-07-12 09:23:24 來源:全國農(nóng)技中心 閱讀量:13981 評論

導(dǎo)讀:據(jù)氣象預(yù)報,隨著副熱帶高壓北抬,江淮、江南將進入降雨間歇期,南方高溫迅速發(fā)展,東北部分地區(qū)氣溫快速回升。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 6月以來,東北地區(qū)持續(xù)低溫,南方嚴(yán)重洪澇,不利于水稻生產(chǎn)。當(dāng)前一季稻大部處于分蘗拔節(jié)期,由于種植區(qū)域跨度大,苗情相對復(fù)雜,病蟲草害威脅大。據(jù)氣象預(yù)報,隨著副熱帶高壓北抬,江淮、江南將進入降雨間歇期,南方高溫迅速發(fā)展,東北部分地區(qū)氣溫快速回升。針對當(dāng)前水稻生產(chǎn)形勢和氣象條件,提出以“加強水分管理、看苗補肥促苗、強化災(zāi)害防控、補種改種減損”為核心的水稻抗洪澇促恢復(fù)生長技術(shù)意見。
 
  加強水分管理
 
  強降雨過后,要及時排水露田,促進水稻根系恢復(fù)生長活力,防止倒伏。一季稻移(拋)栽后,堅持薄水活棵、適時露田,促根系下扎、分蘗早發(fā),分蘗盛期開始及時曬田、控制無效分蘗。返青難、分蘗慢的地塊,適當(dāng)延后排水曬田控蘗時期。對于秸稈還田量大的田塊,要多次排水露田通氣,增加土壤含氧量,加快秸稈腐熟,促進根系發(fā)育,防止僵苗。
 
  看苗補肥促苗
 
  對移栽期遲、秧苗素質(zhì)弱或僵苗田塊,通過肥水調(diào)控或噴施生長調(diào)節(jié)劑,促苗情轉(zhuǎn)化?;羁梅登嗪?,及早施用分蘗肥。對于基肥施用不足的田塊,在分蘗肥施用后1周可根據(jù)苗情補施平衡肥。再生稻可根據(jù)受災(zāi)情況,比正常年份適當(dāng)提早噴施促芽肥,在齊穗后10—15天施用,促進再生芽萌發(fā)。
 
  強化災(zāi)害防控
 
  開展病蟲監(jiān)測預(yù)警,推行專業(yè)化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治。大水浸泡過的稻田易發(fā)白葉枯和紋枯病,退水后應(yīng)及時防治;高溫高濕條件易導(dǎo)致病蟲害加重發(fā)生,尤其是要加強稻縱卷葉螟、稻飛虱等監(jiān)測,視情況及時防控。部分地區(qū)一季稻茬口提前,要注意防范7月下旬至8月上旬高溫?zé)岷τ绊?;抽穗時如遇持續(xù)超過35℃的高溫,田間要保持深水層,以水調(diào)溫,降低穗層溫度。
 
  及時補種改種
 
  抓好一栽就管工作,密切關(guān)注田間苗情,及早踏田查苗補缺,如大田斷壟或缺棵5%以上(高產(chǎn)田3%以上)時,條件允許的應(yīng)在栽后一周內(nèi)全田勻苗補缺,確保足量基本苗數(shù)。對于尚未移栽的稻田,尤其蝦稻田要適當(dāng)增加栽插密度盡快栽插,為水稻高產(chǎn)奠定堅實基礎(chǔ)。若淹水時間較長葉片難以恢復(fù)光合作用,但中下部莖稈和腋芽成活較好,可及時刈割留10—15cm的低稻樁,并畝施尿素10—15公斤蓄留再生稻,減少田間損失;若淹水時間過長導(dǎo)致莖葉死亡、無法恢復(fù)生長,可改種秋玉米、紅苕、蔬菜等短生育期作物,盡量減少災(zāi)害損失。
 
  來源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部水稻專家指導(dǎo)組、全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心
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