當(dāng)前水稻抗洪澇促恢復(fù)生長(zhǎng)技術(shù)意見(jiàn)

2024-07-12 09:23:24 來(lái)源：全國(guó)農(nóng)技中心 閱讀量：14037 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 6月以來(lái)，東北地區(qū)持續(xù)低溫，南方嚴(yán)重洪澇，不利于水稻生產(chǎn)。當(dāng)前一季稻大部處于分蘗拔節(jié)期，由于種植區(qū)域跨度大，苗情相對(duì)復(fù)雜，病蟲(chóng)草害威脅大。據(jù)氣象預(yù)報(bào)，隨著副熱帶高壓北抬，江淮、江南將進(jìn)入降雨間歇期，南方高溫迅速發(fā)展，東北部分地區(qū)氣溫快速回升。針對(duì)當(dāng)前水稻生產(chǎn)形勢(shì)和氣象條件，提出以“加強(qiáng)水分管理、看苗補(bǔ)肥促苗、強(qiáng)化災(zāi)害防控、補(bǔ)種改種減損”為核心的水稻抗洪澇促恢復(fù)生長(zhǎng)技術(shù)意見(jiàn)。
 
　　加強(qiáng)水分管理
 
　　強(qiáng)降雨過(guò)后，要及時(shí)排水露田，促進(jìn)水稻根系恢復(fù)生長(zhǎng)活力，防止倒伏。一季稻移(拋)栽后，堅(jiān)持薄水活棵、適時(shí)露田，促根系下扎、分蘗早發(fā)，分蘗盛期開(kāi)始及時(shí)曬田、控制無(wú)效分蘗。返青難、分蘗慢的地塊，適當(dāng)延后排水曬田控蘗時(shí)期。對(duì)于秸稈還田量大的田塊，要多次排水露田通氣，增加土壤含氧量，加快秸稈腐熟，促進(jìn)根系發(fā)育，防止僵苗。
 
　　看苗補(bǔ)肥促苗
 
　　對(duì)移栽期遲、秧苗素質(zhì)弱或僵苗田塊，通過(guò)肥水調(diào)控或噴施生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑，促苗情轉(zhuǎn)化?；羁梅登嗪?，及早施用分蘗肥。對(duì)于基肥施用不足的田塊，在分蘗肥施用后1周可根據(jù)苗情補(bǔ)施平衡肥。再生稻可根據(jù)受災(zāi)情況，比正常年份適當(dāng)提早噴施促芽肥，在齊穗后10—15天施用，促進(jìn)再生芽萌發(fā)。
 
　　強(qiáng)化災(zāi)害防控
 
　　開(kāi)展病蟲(chóng)監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警，推行專(zhuān)業(yè)化統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治。大水浸泡過(guò)的稻田易發(fā)白葉枯和紋枯病，退水后應(yīng)及時(shí)防治；高溫高濕條件易導(dǎo)致病蟲(chóng)害加重發(fā)生，尤其是要加強(qiáng)稻縱卷葉螟、稻飛虱等監(jiān)測(cè)，視情況及時(shí)防控。部分地區(qū)一季稻茬口提前，要注意防范7月下旬至8月上旬高溫?zé)岷τ绊?；抽穗時(shí)如遇持續(xù)超過(guò)35℃的高溫，田間要保持深水層，以水調(diào)溫，降低穗層溫度。
 
　　及時(shí)補(bǔ)種改種
 
　　抓好一栽就管工作，密切關(guān)注田間苗情，及早踏田查苗補(bǔ)缺，如大田斷壟或缺棵5%以上(高產(chǎn)田3%以上)時(shí)，條件允許的應(yīng)在栽后一周內(nèi)全田勻苗補(bǔ)缺，確保足量基本苗數(shù)。對(duì)于尚未移栽的稻田，尤其蝦稻田要適當(dāng)增加栽插密度盡快栽插，為水稻高產(chǎn)奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。若淹水時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)葉片難以恢復(fù)光合作用，但中下部莖稈和腋芽成活較好，可及時(shí)刈割留10—15cm的低稻樁，并畝施尿素10—15公斤蓄留再生稻，減少田間損失；若淹水時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致莖葉死亡、無(wú)法恢復(fù)生長(zhǎng)，可改種秋玉米、紅苕、蔬菜等短生育期作物，盡量減少災(zāi)害損失。
 
　　來(lái)源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部水稻專(zhuān)家指導(dǎo)組、全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心

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