永泰山區(qū)小型農(nóng)機(jī)大顯身手

2023-03-02 09:11:27 來(lái)源： 福建省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理處 閱讀量：14137 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】春暖花開，又到了春耕備耕、添置農(nóng)機(jī)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)節(jié)。連日來(lái)，福建省永泰縣豐園蔬菜育苗有限公司負(fù)責(zé)人毛有倉(cāng)的電話響個(gè)不停，不少農(nóng)戶向他咨詢機(jī)拋秧技術(shù)。用的是自改裝的背負(fù)式拋秧機(jī)，不受地形限制，可以借助鼓風(fēng)機(jī)將秧苗“吹”到田地里，而且保證秧苗分布密度適中，一臺(tái)機(jī)器頂8個(gè)人。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)更有“科技范”，為農(nóng)戶創(chuàng)造更大經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
 
　　在農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化技術(shù)不斷進(jìn)步的當(dāng)下，拋秧機(jī)在鄉(xiāng)村并不少見。然而永泰是典型的山區(qū)縣，山垅田占比大，傳統(tǒng)大型拋秧機(jī)難以施展拳腳。毛有倉(cāng)為山區(qū)地帶量身定制了這款背負(fù)式拋秧機(jī)。
 
　　拋秧栽植效率高，機(jī)械所拋的秧苗是帶土移栽的，栽下的秧苗3天可長(zhǎng)新葉，具有無(wú)緩苗期、入泥淺、返青快等明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。
 
　　機(jī)械拋秧采用的秧苗也很有講究，是由工廠化穴盤育苗技術(shù)培育出來(lái)的，具有機(jī)械拋秧采用的秧苗也很有講究，是由工廠化穴盤育苗技術(shù)培育出來(lái)的，具有稻穗足、穗粒協(xié)調(diào)、病蟲害少、結(jié)穗率高等特點(diǎn)，秧苗的成活率提升15%-20%，即便是下雨天也可種植，搭配使用機(jī)械拋秧，可實(shí)現(xiàn)“1+1>2”的效果。
 
　　從制作到推廣，再到大量應(yīng)用，機(jī)械拋秧經(jīng)歷了多年的試驗(yàn)探索。據(jù)毛有倉(cāng)介紹，水稻機(jī)械拋秧從2017年開始試驗(yàn)，2019年進(jìn)入示范階段，2020年少量推廣，目前已在永泰大面積推廣，試驗(yàn)田從最初的不足百畝發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的四五千畝，獲得眾多農(nóng)戶的認(rèn)可。
 
　　“以前人工拋秧進(jìn)度太慢，耽誤農(nóng)時(shí)，影響水稻長(zhǎng)勢(shì)，用拋秧機(jī)更輕松、靈活。”盤谷鄉(xiāng)種糧大戶張統(tǒng)純說(shuō)，除了使用機(jī)械拋秧外，他還用上滾輪自走式小型稻谷聯(lián)合收割機(jī)，水稻從種到收“科技范”十足。
 
　　去年7月，在福州市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局的支持下，毛有倉(cāng)的機(jī)拋秧技術(shù)走出永泰，在閩侯試點(diǎn)推廣，鴻尾鄉(xiāng)大宇農(nóng)業(yè)種植基地的陳水銀就是首批試用者之一。
 
　　“閩侯山垅田多，地塊小而分散，大型拋秧機(jī)難以發(fā)揮作用，多少年來(lái)我們都是手拋秧。”陳水銀說(shuō)，與手拋秧相比，機(jī)械拋秧每畝能增產(chǎn)50多公斤、節(jié)省人工成本200元，這一升一降就能讓農(nóng)戶獲利。
 
　　機(jī)械化設(shè)備的普及，限制在山區(qū)，發(fā)展也在山區(qū)。金弘順芋頭種植基地利用無(wú)人機(jī)統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治病蟲害，效率是人工噴灑的四五十倍；榮柚富家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)引進(jìn)果園軌道運(yùn)輸機(jī)，一臺(tái)軌道機(jī)可替代8名人工，每天節(jié)約人工成本約2000元……如今，在永泰的田間地頭，小型農(nóng)機(jī)在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和產(chǎn)業(yè)扶持中不斷發(fā)揮作用，在解放勞動(dòng)力的同時(shí)提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率，為廣大農(nóng)戶創(chuàng)造更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
 
　　據(jù)了解，下一階段，永泰縣將繼續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化種植，充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)機(jī)購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼政策帶動(dòng)作用，繼續(xù)加大適用機(jī)具引進(jìn)力度；推進(jìn)新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育工程和壯大農(nóng)機(jī)合作組織，促進(jìn)農(nóng)民和農(nóng)機(jī)合作；以召開現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演示會(huì)、展示會(huì)，舉辦培訓(xùn)班等方式，推動(dòng)農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合，促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展。

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