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豬肉漲價兩年多：畜牧業(yè)該如何高質(zhì)量發(fā)展？

2020-10-09 17:13:41 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：55664 評論

導讀：雖然目前“豬少肉貴”問題已經(jīng)基本得到了解決，但這場長達兩年的生豬生產(chǎn)波動還是給了我們強烈的警示，更加凸顯了畜牧業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的重要性。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 當前，畜牧業(yè)已成為我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的重要部分，是農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟增長的重要支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。畜牧業(yè)為我們提供肉制品、奶制品等，保障“菜籃子”里面肉蛋奶的安全。雖然近年來我國畜牧業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力不斷增強，肉類人均占有量已超過世界平均水平，禽蛋人均占有量達到發(fā)達國家水平，但不得不承認仍有不少問題存在。2018年非洲豬瘟發(fā)生以來，我國生豬產(chǎn)能嚴重下滑，供應出現(xiàn)短缺，導致豬肉價格大幅上升，相信大家對此記憶猶新。

　　針對生豬生產(chǎn)受創(chuàng)問題，國家及時出臺了一系列含金量高、針對性強的政策措施。（詳情可查看農(nóng)機網(wǎng)往期文章：生豬產(chǎn)能逐漸恢復，近一年來做了哪些努力？）到目前，全國生豬生產(chǎn)已得到較快恢復，豬肉價格也正逐步趨穩(wěn)回落。截止到今年8月份，能繁母豬存欄已經(jīng)連續(xù)11個月增長，同比增長37%；生豬存欄環(huán)比增長4.7%，連續(xù)7個月增長，同比增長31.3%。照此趨勢，全年生豬產(chǎn)能有望基本恢復到接近常年水平。
 
　　價格方面，今年8月份豬肉價格震蕩趨穩(wěn)，9月份以來連續(xù)4周下降。9月第4周全國集貿(mào)市場豬肉價格為每公斤54.12元，環(huán)比下降1.6%，比2月中旬的高價格低5.52元。據(jù)專家模擬研判，今年9-12月生豬出欄將逐月增加，將比去年同期增長17.3%，預計豬肉平均價格也將低于去年同期水平。
 
　　雖然目前“豬少肉貴”問題已經(jīng)基本得到了解決，但這場長達兩年的生豬生產(chǎn)波動還是給了我們強烈的警示，更加凸顯了畜牧業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的重要性。為此，9月27日，國務院辦公廳印發(fā)了《關于促進畜牧業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的意見》(國辦發(fā)〔2020〕31號)(以下簡稱《意見》)，圍繞加快構建現(xiàn)代養(yǎng)殖體系、動物防疫體系、加工流通體系以及推動畜牧業(yè)綠色循環(huán)發(fā)展等方面作出全面部署。《意見》是指導今后一個時期我國畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展的綱領性文件，對于保障畜牧業(yè)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展具有重大的現(xiàn)實意義和深遠的歷史意義。
 
　　《意見》明確了發(fā)展目標，豬肉自給率保持在95%左右，牛羊肉自給率保持在85%左右，奶源自給率保持在70%以上，禽肉和禽蛋實現(xiàn)基本自給。到2025年畜禽養(yǎng)殖規(guī)?；屎托笄菁S污綜合利用率分別達到70%以上和80%以上，到2030年分別達到75%以上和85%以上。
 
　　《意見》提出要加快構建現(xiàn)代養(yǎng)殖體系，其中“提升畜牧業(yè)機械化水平”是一大亮點。文件指出，要制定主要畜禽品種規(guī)?；B(yǎng)殖設施裝備配套技術規(guī)范，推進養(yǎng)殖工藝與設施裝備的集成配套。落實農(nóng)機購置補貼政策，將養(yǎng)殖場(戶)購置自動飼喂、環(huán)境控制、疫病防控、廢棄物處理等農(nóng)機裝備按規(guī)定納入補貼范圍。遴選推介一批全程機械化養(yǎng)殖場和示范基地。提高飼草料和畜禽生產(chǎn)加工等關鍵環(huán)節(jié)設施裝備自主研發(fā)能力。
 
　　基于我國的國情，目前畜禽規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖比重還不高，以中小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場為主。對此，《意見》也明確提出“發(fā)展適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營，扶持中小養(yǎng)殖戶發(fā)展”。在這點上，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部相關負責人在接受采訪時表示，接下來將重點做好以下幾點重要工作：加強典型示范，組織開展畜禽養(yǎng)殖標準化示范場創(chuàng)建，以畜禽良種化、養(yǎng)殖設施化、生產(chǎn)規(guī)范化、防疫制度化、糞污無害化為重點，以點帶面輻射帶動全國畜禽適度規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展；在提升規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場機械化水平方面，加大農(nóng)機購置補貼政策對畜牧機械設施裝備的支持力度，加快推進規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場生產(chǎn)全程機械化，著力解決疫病防控、畜產(chǎn)品采集加工、糞污收集處理與資源化利用等薄弱環(huán)節(jié)機械設施裝備應用難題；同時鼓勵引導“以大帶小”，堅持抓大不放小，支持通過“公司+農(nóng)戶”、托管、入股加盟等多種形式，完善利益聯(lián)結機制，帶動中小養(yǎng)殖場戶提高飼養(yǎng)管理水平和生物安全防護水平，實現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)增收。

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