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小龍蝦產(chǎn)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值已達(dá)3690億元，“稻蝦共生”了解一下？

2019-08-30 17:47:48 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：45797 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：*，小龍蝦在近兩年簡(jiǎn)直成了食物界的“超級(jí)網(wǎng)紅”，無(wú)論是街邊的餐飲店還是外賣軟件，以及淘寶、京東等網(wǎng)購(gòu)平臺(tái)，隨處可見(jiàn)小龍蝦。在“民以食為天”的人口大國(guó)，深受歡迎的小龍蝦已經(jīng)形成了產(chǎn)業(yè)。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 雖然夏天的腳步正在逐漸遠(yuǎn)去，但是提到夏天，讓吃貨們忘不了的還是啤酒小龍蝦。試問(wèn)夏天沒(méi)吃過(guò)小龍蝦那還叫夏天嗎？*，小龍蝦在近兩年簡(jiǎn)直成了食物界的“超級(jí)網(wǎng)紅”，無(wú)論是街邊的餐飲店還是外賣軟件，以及淘寶、京東等網(wǎng)購(gòu)平臺(tái)，隨處可見(jiàn)小龍蝦。在“民以食為天”的人口大國(guó)，深受歡迎的小龍蝦已經(jīng)形成了產(chǎn)業(yè)。
 
　　近日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部發(fā)布《小龍蝦產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展報(bào)告(2019)》，《報(bào)告》重點(diǎn)對(duì)2018年度我國(guó)小龍蝦產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r、特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了全面梳理和研究，并對(duì)中長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展形勢(shì)和趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了分析預(yù)測(cè)。據(jù)《報(bào)告》測(cè)算，小龍蝦產(chǎn)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值達(dá)3690億元，同比增長(zhǎng)37.5%。

　　《報(bào)告》顯示，小龍蝦產(chǎn)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值中養(yǎng)殖業(yè)產(chǎn)值680億元，以加工業(yè)為主的第二產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值284億元，以餐飲為主的第三產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值2726億元。全年，小龍蝦總產(chǎn)量達(dá)163.87萬(wàn)噸，養(yǎng)殖總面積達(dá)1680萬(wàn)畝。其中，小龍蝦稻田養(yǎng)殖占比大，產(chǎn)量118.65萬(wàn)噸，養(yǎng)殖面積1261萬(wàn)畝。產(chǎn)量*5位的省份分別為：湖北81.24萬(wàn)噸、湖南23.76萬(wàn)噸、安徽21.75萬(wàn)噸、江蘇16.68萬(wàn)噸、江西11.02萬(wàn)噸，其中湖北產(chǎn)量約占全國(guó)總產(chǎn)量的一半。
 
　　可以看到，小龍蝦養(yǎng)殖以稻田養(yǎng)殖為主，也就是“稻蝦共生”生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖模式。近年來(lái)，在各大小龍蝦主產(chǎn)省份，稻蝦共養(yǎng)已成為脫貧致富的“紅火產(chǎn)業(yè)”，不僅能讓消費(fèi)者吃到安全放心的小龍蝦，而且養(yǎng)殖者也憑借這種產(chǎn)業(yè)模式實(shí)現(xiàn)了致富增收。
 
　　其實(shí)，“稻蝦共生”模式給當(dāng)?shù)厝藥?lái)的不僅是豐厚的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)，還有“養(yǎng)生態(tài)蝦、種綠色稻”的先進(jìn)理念。養(yǎng)殖小龍蝦，意味著稻田里不能灑農(nóng)藥、不用除草劑，稻谷、小龍蝦都是綠色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。
 
　　“稻蝦共生”的神奇之處在哪里？
 
　　首先，因?yàn)樾↓埼r物種的特殊性，如果在種植過(guò)程中投入農(nóng)藥，將會(huì)導(dǎo)致小龍蝦的大面積死亡；而小龍蝦在田間會(huì)捕捉害蟲(chóng)及蟲(chóng)卵，從而降低水稻的病蟲(chóng)害。因?yàn)樾↓埼r是活動(dòng)的，還可以起到松土的作用，同時(shí)小龍蝦的糞便還可以作為田間的肥料，由此生產(chǎn)出的小龍蝦、水稻均是綠色無(wú)公害產(chǎn)品。
 
　　其次，“稻蝦共生”模式可以使稻田產(chǎn)值大幅提高。由于在稻田挖了溝渠，雖然稻田的總面積減少了，但蝦的的存在卻提高了稻田的畝產(chǎn)值，有數(shù)據(jù)表明，“稻蝦共生”生態(tài)模式下的一畝水田的綜合畝產(chǎn)值相當(dāng)于過(guò)去20畝水田的畝產(chǎn)值。
 
　　后，“稻蝦共生”可以達(dá)到改善生態(tài)環(huán)境的作用。水稻生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的微生物及害蟲(chóng)為小龍蝦提供了充足的餌料，小龍蝦產(chǎn)生的排泄物又為水稻生長(zhǎng)提供了良好的生物肥，形成了一種優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)的生物鏈，使生態(tài)環(huán)境得到改善，實(shí)現(xiàn)了生態(tài)增值。
 
　　結(jié)語(yǔ)：稻蝦共養(yǎng)作為一種生態(tài)種養(yǎng)結(jié)合的農(nóng)業(yè)模式，綜合效益主要體現(xiàn)在通過(guò)有效利用稻田的有限水土資源，以農(nóng)(漁)旅一體化建設(shè)為依托，有效提升單位面積內(nèi)的稻田綜合效益，被農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部譽(yù)為“現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的成功典范, 現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的一次革命”。
 
　　感謝“稻蝦共生”，讓我們能在夏天能吃到美味的麻辣、蒜蓉、十三香口味的小龍蝦。

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