三大招破解丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)化難題

2018-03-13 11:54:39 來源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：26646 評(píng)論

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】 一直以來，我國(guó)山地、丘陵地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平難以提高是我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)面臨的一大問題。和平原地區(qū)相比，丘陵山區(qū)自然條件差，地塊小而分散，種植結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、品種多，而且基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)落后，田間道路狹窄、崎嶇且不平、道路通過性差，“先天不足”的自然條件制約了丘陵山區(qū)自身農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的發(fā)展。西南丘陵山區(qū)、南方低緩丘陵山區(qū)、黃土高原及西北地區(qū)農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率分別為26%、49%、57%，這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于65.2%的全國(guó)平均水平，尤其是南方的湖南、浙江、云南、廣西等地，丘陵山區(qū)占耕地比例都占到了60%以上，為了整體提高我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化步伐，解決丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械率低的問題迫在眉睫。
 
　　大力推廣中小型農(nóng)機(jī)具
 
　　由于丘陵山區(qū)地形條件差，地塊細(xì)碎凌亂、坡多臺(tái)多埂多、形狀不規(guī)則，平原地區(qū)適用的大型農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械在這里并不適用，而適合丘陵地區(qū)使用的小型農(nóng)機(jī)由于規(guī)模小、研發(fā)難、成本高、利潤(rùn)低，有實(shí)力的農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)不愿涉足，小型農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)又缺乏足夠?qū)嵙?，因此，適當(dāng)加大小型農(nóng)機(jī)的研發(fā)生產(chǎn)力度，加大對(duì)小型農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)的支持、補(bǔ)貼力度，將會(huì)大大改善目前丘陵地區(qū)機(jī)械化問題。同時(shí)，各地可根據(jù)本地實(shí)際情況，對(duì)丘陵山區(qū)的臺(tái)地、小田塊作業(yè)的生產(chǎn)機(jī)械進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼，通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演示、培訓(xùn)、展銷等多種方式積極示范推廣先進(jìn)適用的農(nóng)機(jī)裝備和技術(shù)模式，進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)機(jī)裝備結(jié)構(gòu)。
 
　　發(fā)展農(nóng)機(jī)合作社
 
　　農(nóng)機(jī)合作社是按照農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)市場(chǎng)化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化、社會(huì)化發(fā)展的要求，把分散經(jīng)營(yíng)的農(nóng)機(jī)戶和農(nóng)機(jī)大戶組織起來，有效提高農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的利用率和作業(yè)效率，具有極強(qiáng)的生命力，在農(nóng)機(jī)新技術(shù)、新機(jī)具推廣過程中所發(fā)揮的作用是其它任何組織所無法替代的。農(nóng)機(jī)合作社也是解決南方丘陵山區(qū)“無機(jī)可用”的重要突破口。
 
　　目前南方典型丘陵山區(qū)縣平均每3個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)才有1個(gè)農(nóng)機(jī)合作社，服務(wù)能力遠(yuǎn)不能滿足周邊農(nóng)民需要，同時(shí)選購(gòu)農(nóng)機(jī)難、維修農(nóng)機(jī)難現(xiàn)象也很普遍。因此，大力發(fā)展農(nóng)機(jī)合作社是加快南方農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化步伐的重要一環(huán)。
 
　　因地制宜，發(fā)展果樹產(chǎn)業(yè)
 
　　對(duì)于南方部分不適合種植糧食作物的山地地區(qū)，可適當(dāng)進(jìn)行果樹種植，發(fā)展果樹產(chǎn)業(yè)。在南方的部分山地，如浙江中部地區(qū)的土壤性狀主要是紅黃壤為主，其次是紫砂土，適宜發(fā)展各種果樹，如楊梅、柿子、桃樹、李樹、梨樹、板栗、杏、山核桃、香榧等果樹。加之近幾年植保無人機(jī)的迅速發(fā)展，也將大大節(jié)省農(nóng)用勞動(dòng)力，提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率。
 
　　相比農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化正在穩(wěn)步加速發(fā)展的平原地區(qū)，丘陵山區(qū)的機(jī)械化問題解決則還有很長(zhǎng)的一段路要走。但是在國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略的支持引導(dǎo)下，一些農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)有望投入丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)具這一廣闊市場(chǎng)；同時(shí)一系列補(bǔ)貼政策也將引導(dǎo)激發(fā)農(nóng)機(jī)大戶的示范帶動(dòng)熱情，完善農(nóng)機(jī)合作社創(chuàng)建工作；合理利用氣候、土壤資源，因地制宜發(fā)展果樹產(chǎn)業(yè)也將增加農(nóng)民收入。相信在不久的將來丘陵機(jī)械化問題將得到大大改善，使我國(guó)整體農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化水平更上一個(gè)臺(tái)階。

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