三大糧食作物化肥利用率穩(wěn)步提升

2025-01-15 10:04:45 來(lái)源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部新聞辦公室 閱讀量：14027 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 化肥利用率是評(píng)價(jià)科學(xué)施肥效果的重要指標(biāo)。“十四五”以來(lái)，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部認(rèn)真貫徹落實(shí)黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院決策部署，深入實(shí)施化肥減量化行動(dòng)，促進(jìn)科學(xué)施肥增效，化肥利用率穩(wěn)步提升。經(jīng)科學(xué)測(cè)算，2024年我國(guó)水稻、玉米、小麥三大糧食作物化肥利用率為42.6%，比2022年提高1.3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
 
　　化肥利用率提高是多因素綜合作用的結(jié)果。測(cè)土配方施肥是利用率提高的重要基礎(chǔ)。各地圍繞“測(cè)、配、產(chǎn)、供、施”五大環(huán)節(jié)，強(qiáng)化農(nóng)企對(duì)接，推廣專(zhuān)用肥套餐定制配送等服務(wù)模式，推進(jìn)配方肥落地。全國(guó)三大糧食作物測(cè)土配方施肥技術(shù)覆蓋率超過(guò)95%。“三新”集成配套是利用率提高的重要途徑。各地加強(qiáng)施肥新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)品、新機(jī)具融合配套，因地制宜推廣“三新”技術(shù)配套模式，促進(jìn)了化肥利用率提高。例如，采用水稻側(cè)深施肥技術(shù)，氮肥利用率平均提高3.7個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。多元替代是利用率提高的重要措施。各地鼓勵(lì)引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民開(kāi)展糞肥就近就地還田、種植綠肥，加大微生物肥料推廣力度，替代部分化肥投入。例如，推廣大豆接種根瘤菌菌劑，在氮肥減量的同時(shí)，利用率提高約3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。專(zhuān)業(yè)化施肥服務(wù)是利用率提高的重要支撐。各地不斷培育壯大專(zhuān)業(yè)化服務(wù)組織，推廣智能化專(zhuān)家施肥推薦系統(tǒng)，提供智能化診斷、數(shù)字化配肥、機(jī)械化用肥“一條龍”科學(xué)施肥服務(wù)，促進(jìn)施肥精準(zhǔn)化。
 
　　下一步，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部將繼續(xù)加大工作力度，深入開(kāi)展科學(xué)施肥增效行動(dòng)，集成推廣先進(jìn)適用施肥技術(shù)模式，推進(jìn)機(jī)藝融合、技物結(jié)合、物械配合，持續(xù)提高三大糧食作物化肥利用率。
 

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