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山西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳關(guān)于做好倒春寒天氣應(yīng)對工作的緊急通知

2024-03-22 09:18:05 來源:山西省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳 閱讀量:19429 評論

導(dǎo)讀:春分已過,當(dāng)前正值春季農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,桃、杏、梨等果樹正在陸續(xù)開花,冬小麥從南到北進(jìn)入起身拔節(jié)期。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 春分已過,當(dāng)前正值春季農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,桃、杏、梨等果樹正在陸續(xù)開花,冬小麥從南到北進(jìn)入起身拔節(jié)期。據(jù)省氣象局預(yù)報(bào),3月27-28日將出現(xiàn)大風(fēng)降溫天氣,3月28日凌晨長治大部、臨汾大部最低氣溫降至0℃左右;4月1-5日過程降溫6℃,南部最低氣溫接近0℃;4月7-8日過程降溫4℃,南部最低氣溫在1℃以上。突然的“倒春寒”天氣可能對花期林果和苗期農(nóng)作物造成凍害,使春播春管受阻。根據(jù)省委農(nóng)村工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組“倒春寒”專題工作會(huì)議要求,為切實(shí)做好“倒春寒”防范工作,減輕對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的不利影響,現(xiàn)就有關(guān)事項(xiàng)通知如下:
 
  一、強(qiáng)化政治站位。各地要深入貫徹落實(shí)習(xí)近平總書記對春耕備耕工作的重要指示精神,貫徹落實(shí)全國春季農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)暨防災(zāi)減災(zāi)救災(zāi)工作會(huì)議精神,充分認(rèn)識“倒春寒”天氣防御工作的重要性,把“倒春寒”防范作為保障農(nóng)民增產(chǎn)增收的具體舉措,切實(shí)增強(qiáng)責(zé)任感和緊迫感,堅(jiān)決克服麻痹思想和僥幸心理,加強(qiáng)組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo),強(qiáng)化責(zé)任擔(dān)當(dāng),周密部署、積極應(yīng)對,落實(shí)好防災(zāi)減災(zāi)措施,最大限度減輕“倒春寒”影響和損失。
 
  二、強(qiáng)化預(yù)警會(huì)商。各地要積極主動(dòng)做好預(yù)警預(yù)報(bào)和防范應(yīng)對工作,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門要密切關(guān)注天氣變化,及時(shí)與氣象部門溝通會(huì)商,分析“倒春寒”天氣對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)影響,提出針對性措施。要充分利用手機(jī)短信、廣播電視、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等靈活多樣的渠道,第一時(shí)間將“倒春寒”預(yù)警信息和防范措施傳達(dá)到縣鄉(xiāng)到農(nóng)村,通知到廣大農(nóng)戶和生產(chǎn)主體,提前做好防范準(zhǔn)備,增強(qiáng)主動(dòng)避災(zāi)、科學(xué)防災(zāi)意識。
 
  三、強(qiáng)化分區(qū)防范。各地要堅(jiān)持預(yù)防為主,全面摸清本地“倒春寒”發(fā)生的時(shí)間、頻次和強(qiáng)度,結(jié)合果菜等作物開花、坐果時(shí)間,以縣為單位制定“倒春寒”防范方案,對于縣域地形、氣候條件復(fù)雜的縣(市、區(qū)),可一鄉(xiāng)一策、一村一策、一地一策、一主體(規(guī)模主體)一策,提高“倒春寒”防范精準(zhǔn)性、及時(shí)性。
 
  四、強(qiáng)化分類施策。針對不同作物采取不同的“倒春寒”防范措施。對于果園,在霜凍來臨前2~3天,對樹體噴施防凍液(0.3%的磷酸二氫鉀+0.3%尿素或布蕓苔素等營養(yǎng)液),增強(qiáng)樹體對低溫的抗性;在霜凍來臨前一天下午或傍晚對樹體連續(xù)噴水,防止降溫過快;凍害來臨前利用鋸末、麥糠、碎秸稈或果園雜草落葉等交互堆積作燃料,在果園上風(fēng)口處堆放后,上壓薄土層或使用發(fā)煙劑(2份硝銨,7份鋸末,1份柴油充分混合,用紙筒包裝,外加防潮膜),當(dāng)氣溫低于-1℃開始點(diǎn)燃發(fā)煙,以暗火濃煙為宜,使煙霧彌漫整個(gè)果園,一般每畝果園4—6堆;有條件的地方可在果園上空使用大功率鼓風(fēng)機(jī)攪動(dòng)空氣,吹散凝集的冷空氣。針對蔬菜,設(shè)施蔬菜采取棚膜外加蓋草苫或無紡布,棚膜內(nèi)多層覆蓋等保溫措施,防止凍害;露地蔬菜可葉面噴施蔬菜防凍劑,田間加蓋小拱棚、鋪設(shè)地膜進(jìn)行防寒。針對冬小麥,可在“倒春寒”來臨前,組織農(nóng)戶因地制宜追肥澆水,劃鋤鎮(zhèn)壓,噴施化控劑,調(diào)節(jié)近地面小氣候,減輕降溫對小麥植株的影響。
 
  五、強(qiáng)化指導(dǎo)服務(wù)。加強(qiáng)防“倒春寒”技術(shù)指導(dǎo)和服務(wù),組織小麥、園藝、畜牧等有關(guān)專家和農(nóng)技人員深入生產(chǎn)一線開展技術(shù)指導(dǎo),組織鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村干部動(dòng)員農(nóng)戶落實(shí)熏煙、灌水等有效防措施。加強(qiáng)“倒春寒”后生產(chǎn)指導(dǎo),組織農(nóng)戶對受凍果樹追施果樹專用肥或噴施 0.3%~0.5%尿素及其他肥料,加強(qiáng)養(yǎng)分管理,及時(shí)淺鋤松土促進(jìn)根系生長,加強(qiáng)花果管理,做好人工授粉或蜜蜂、壁蜂授粉,及時(shí)防治病蟲害。對受凍蔬菜,合理追施速效肥、噴施葉面肥,增強(qiáng)植株耐寒抗凍能力,促進(jìn)恢復(fù)生長,剪除受凍組織、防止次生病害發(fā)生。對受凍麥田,在氣溫開始回升后,結(jié)合澆水畝施尿素7.5-10公斤,或葉面噴施植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑,促進(jìn)小蘗趕大蘗、大蘗多成穗,精準(zhǔn)防控小麥銹病、蚜蟲等病蟲。
 
  六、強(qiáng)化災(zāi)情監(jiān)測。各地要強(qiáng)化調(diào)度值守,加強(qiáng)與各類生產(chǎn)主體聯(lián)系,及時(shí)掌握降溫對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的影響。主動(dòng)收集、整理、核實(shí)倒春寒對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的影響和災(zāi)情發(fā)生情況。一旦發(fā)生災(zāi)情,要及時(shí)上報(bào),立即采取應(yīng)急措施。積極協(xié)調(diào)保險(xiǎn)部門跟進(jìn)、查勘、理賠,切實(shí)發(fā)揮好保險(xiǎn)保障作用,努力減輕災(zāi)害損失。寒潮過后要及時(shí)追施氮肥、噴施葉面肥和生長調(diào)節(jié)劑,減輕凍害影響。
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