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宿遷發(fā)布受損設(shè)施大棚作物恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見

2024-03-05 11:14:09 來(lái)源：宿遷市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局 閱讀量：14655 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：2月26日宿遷市農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)綜合服務(wù)中心印發(fā)受損設(shè)施大棚作物恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見，科學(xué)指導(dǎo)設(shè)施大棚修整、重建，加強(qiáng)棚內(nèi)作物生產(chǎn)管理。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 近期雨雪天氣給當(dāng)前設(shè)施大棚作物生產(chǎn)帶來(lái)較大影響，為切實(shí)做好災(zāi)后恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)工作，2月26日宿遷市農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)綜合服務(wù)中心印發(fā)受損設(shè)施大棚作物恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見，科學(xué)指導(dǎo)設(shè)施大棚修整、重建，加強(qiáng)棚內(nèi)作物生產(chǎn)管理。
 
　　一、盡早整修加固大棚。要對(duì)受損設(shè)施大棚分類，確定修復(fù)利用可行性，采取拆除重建、架設(shè)臨時(shí)支撐物、修整加固再利用等措施，盡早恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)。一是對(duì)于完好的大棚設(shè)施和棚架輕微受損的(輕微傾斜變形、薄膜破損、人能進(jìn)棚，經(jīng)簡(jiǎn)單修整即可正常使用的大棚設(shè)施)，要盡快在棚室內(nèi)出現(xiàn)變形的位置，增加鋼架或竹竿、木棍等作為支撐桿件，桿件下方墊放磚頭，增加桿件與地面的接觸面積，提高抗壓能力。利用加溫結(jié)合物理頂沖的方式加速除雪化冰，要盡早清除棚面積雪冰塊，防止大棚倒塌災(zāi)情進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。二是對(duì)于塌陷的鋼架拱棚，如果外層薄膜完好，設(shè)施內(nèi)作物受害較輕的，要抓住黃金時(shí)期，盡快清除棚面積雪和冰凍，采用小型水泵抽出凹陷處積水，然后在棚室內(nèi)部架設(shè)支桿，撐起棚架，修整彎曲處，盡最大可能利用原有棚室恢復(fù)作物正常生長(zhǎng)，待氣溫回升后再重新修整大棚骨架。修繕除雪過程要確保人身安全，防止發(fā)生次生災(zāi)害。三是對(duì)于損毀無(wú)修整價(jià)值的連棟避雨棚、連棟溫室和部分日光溫室，要盡快排除田間積水，組織人員進(jìn)田清理薄膜、鋼架等棚體構(gòu)件。提前準(zhǔn)備鋼管、薄膜等建材，盡快組織重建，重建要遵循相關(guān)技術(shù)規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
 
　　二、科學(xué)采取補(bǔ)救措施。要及時(shí)發(fā)動(dòng)各方力量，組織技術(shù)人員，深入調(diào)查生產(chǎn)受災(zāi)情況，針對(duì)不同災(zāi)情程度，因地制宜，因時(shí)制宜，組織農(nóng)技人員進(jìn)村入戶到田，按照一戶一策，研究制定和落實(shí)具體減災(zāi)降損補(bǔ)救方案，提供技術(shù)支撐。一是分類挽救棚內(nèi)作物。棚內(nèi)作物是葡萄的，要利用土壤濕度大、松軟的有利條件，盡快扶正葡萄樹體，同時(shí)綁縛臨時(shí)支桿，待土壤濕度適宜時(shí)，在樹盤附近培土固定；少部分折斷的葡萄，可以修剪重新定干，或者修整斷面，綁縛薄膜，讓折斷處愈合。棚內(nèi)作物如果是可以上市的蔬菜，要盡快采收，減少損失。對(duì)于凍害輕微、仍可生長(zhǎng)的蔬菜和西甜瓜，可以架設(shè)臨時(shí)小拱棚和覆蓋棉被，保住秧苗；如果秧苗萎蔫或死亡較多，要盡早補(bǔ)苗或換茬。二是強(qiáng)化溫光管理。近期氣溫仍然偏低，要在大棚內(nèi)增設(shè)小拱棚，晚間多層覆蓋加強(qiáng)保溫，防止因融雪降溫，再次造成凍害，結(jié)合加溫塊、移動(dòng)式電熱風(fēng)機(jī)、熱風(fēng)爐等加溫設(shè)備進(jìn)行增溫；利用補(bǔ)光燈補(bǔ)光，同時(shí)要防止陰后初晴強(qiáng)光直射、升溫過快，造成“閃苗”?？刹扇∠路疟乇?、覆蓋或內(nèi)搭遮陰物、間隔揭除覆蓋物等措施減弱陽(yáng)光直射強(qiáng)度。三是加強(qiáng)肥水管理。低溫陰雨天不宜澆水施肥。晴天可適當(dāng)采用葉面噴施磷酸二氫鉀以及含鎂、鋅、硼等中微量元素肥料，或者噴施碧護(hù)、甲殼素、油菜素內(nèi)酯等植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑，提高作物抗逆性，促進(jìn)植株恢復(fù)。四是加強(qiáng)病害防控。根據(jù)天氣情況，利用晴好天氣中午前后，在不引起棚室溫度驟降的情況下，選擇設(shè)施背風(fēng)面適當(dāng)通風(fēng)，降低棚室濕度，可在棚室內(nèi)壟溝中，鋪墊玉米與稻麥碎秸稈、稻殼、鋸末等吸濕物料，雨雪過后應(yīng)及時(shí)選用粉劑或煙霧劑類殺菌劑防治病害，要重點(diǎn)預(yù)防低溫高濕病害。一般可選擇防治真菌性病害和細(xì)菌性病害的2-3種藥劑復(fù)配后使用。苗期要注意猝倒病、立枯病、灰霉病等病害防治。
 
　　三、迅速組織改種換茬。對(duì)受災(zāi)嚴(yán)重或造成絕收的田塊，要盡快排除積水，降低田間濕度，結(jié)合茬口和市場(chǎng)前景，選擇適宜改種作物。一般可改種豆類、茄果類、瓜類、葉菜類蔬菜和鮮食的糧油作物。一是豆類蔬菜和糧油作物，豆類蔬菜常用品類主要有鮮食毛豆、四季豆、豇豆等，糧油作物主要有甜玉米和春花生，為了保證正常出苗，一般采取覆地膜穴播方式種植。二是茄果類蔬菜，常用品類主要有茄子、辣椒、西紅柿等，一般采取穴盤育苗、移栽定植方式，育苗要采用集約化育苗、浸種遮光育苗等技術(shù)，縮短育苗時(shí)間，確保秧苗數(shù)量和質(zhì)量。三是瓜類蔬菜，常用品類主要有黃瓜、絲瓜、西葫蘆等，一般采取催芽直播方式種植，也可采取育苗、移栽定植方式。四是葉菜類蔬菜，常用品類主要有春蘿卜、香菜、莧菜、茼蒿、青菜(雞毛菜)等，一般采取起畦直播方式種植，當(dāng)前要在畦面架設(shè)小拱棚方式，提高地溫，保證出苗。

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