中國熱科院農(nóng)機所：16臺木薯機械，出口非洲！

2023-08-14 10:21:14 來源：中國熱科院農(nóng)機所 閱讀量：16791 評論

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】起吊、接駁、裝車……8月10日上午，位于湛江市麻章區(qū)的中國熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學院農(nóng)業(yè)機械研究所基地一片忙碌，16臺木薯機械在此裝車后將運往湛江港出口非洲。約兩個月后，這批機械將抵達非洲4個示范基地，進行木薯生產(chǎn)機械化示范推廣。
 
　　木薯是世界三大薯類作物之一、熱區(qū)第三大糧食作物、全球第六大糧食作物，被稱為“淀粉之王”，是世界10億人的口糧。木薯耐旱抗貧瘠，粗生易長、易栽培、高產(chǎn)，非洲、美洲和亞洲等100余個國家種植超過4億畝。
 
　　我國是世界木薯傳統(tǒng)區(qū)，有200多年種植歷史，木薯主要分布在廣西、廣東、海南、云南等地，種植面積近600萬畝。木薯除了制造食品和能源外，還是飼料、醫(yī)藥、紡織、造紙、化工、造酒等6個工業(yè)領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)性原料，需求量巨大。
 
　　此前，由于長期未能解決生產(chǎn)機械化問題，勞動力供應(yīng)難以保證，生產(chǎn)成本高，我國木薯種植面積持續(xù)萎縮。2021年，我國木薯進口依存度超過75%，總進口量僅次于大豆、玉米。隨著世界能源格局動蕩，能源類原料和糧食價格持續(xù)攀升，近年來國際市場木薯價格從每噸1300元上漲至2000元。
 
　　如今，我國木薯深加工行業(yè)面臨巨大的成本上漲壓力、供應(yīng)鏈穩(wěn)定性壓力。為了保證原料供應(yīng)，我國有境外開發(fā)木薯種植計劃的企業(yè)數(shù)十家，開發(fā)范圍包括非洲、東盟、大洋洲等。

　　起壟式木薯聯(lián)合種植機
 
　　自2012年左右，農(nóng)業(yè)機械研究所研發(fā)的木薯機械便開始投用，此后不斷完善拓展功能，目前木薯機械已進化至“5.0版本”。本次出口的木薯機械，包括加強型三鏵犁、加強型旋耕機、起壟式木薯聯(lián)合種植機和臥式木薯稈粉碎還田機，綜合運用這套機械，可在種植前對木薯地進行深犁、碎土、松土，耕整好的木薯地經(jīng)一次作業(yè)，可完成起壟、施肥、開溝、切種、下種、覆土等工序，木薯收獲前可對秸稈及田間雜草進行粉碎還田，清空木薯地表面，便于塊根挖掘收獲機作業(yè)。
 
　　“目前全球市場上流通的有三個國家的木薯農(nóng)機，分別是巴西、泰國和中國，每一種農(nóng)機配套不同的方案，使用不同的農(nóng)業(yè)模式，我們生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)機和農(nóng)藝融合得更緊密，今年已經(jīng)出口幾批農(nóng)機了。”中國熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學院農(nóng)業(yè)機械研究所研究員、國家木薯產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系崗位科學家鄧干然介紹。

　　據(jù)悉，中國熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學院農(nóng)業(yè)機械研究所“木薯寬窄雙行起壟種植及配套全程機械化”技術(shù)，正在向國外木薯主產(chǎn)國、國內(nèi)木薯主產(chǎn)省(區(qū))進行示范推廣。
 
　　在國外，該技術(shù)輻射至非洲、東盟和大洋洲14個“一帶一路”沿線國家或RCEP國家，合作建立了8個國外木薯生產(chǎn)裝備試驗示范基地，初步構(gòu)建了國際—國內(nèi)聯(lián)動的木薯生產(chǎn)全程機械化協(xié)同示范應(yīng)用網(wǎng)絡(luò)，成為熱帶作物農(nóng)機化領(lǐng)域具有世界影響力的名片。
 
　　下一步，農(nóng)業(yè)機械研究所將建設(shè)好用好國際合作技術(shù)示范基地，將研究成果轉(zhuǎn)化為國際影響力、科技影響力和產(chǎn)業(yè)影響力，為全球木薯產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展提供中國機械化方案。
 
　　南方+記者 林露
 

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