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8月1日即將實(shí)施！黑土地保護(hù)進(jìn)入有法可依新階段

2022-07-04 13:57:05 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：23871 評論

導(dǎo)讀：東北黑土地是國非常珍貴的土壤資源，東北黑土區(qū)是我國重要的糧食生產(chǎn)基地，糧食產(chǎn)量約占全國的四分之一，是保障糧食市場供應(yīng)的重要來源，也是保障國家糧食安全的壓艙石。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 2022年6月24日，中國人大網(wǎng)公布了《中華人民共和國黑土地保護(hù)法》全文，該法律將于今年8月1日起正式施行。
 
　　《黑土地保護(hù)法》中的黑土地指黑龍江省、吉林省、遼寧省、內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)的相關(guān)區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)具有黑色或者暗黑色腐殖質(zhì)表土層，性狀好、肥力高的耕地。黑土地應(yīng)當(dāng)用于糧食和油料作物、糖料作物、蔬菜等農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)。
 

 

　　眾所周知，東北黑土地是國非常珍貴的土壤資源，被稱為“耕地中的大熊貓”。東北黑土區(qū)是我國重要的糧食生產(chǎn)基地，糧食產(chǎn)量約占全國的四分之一，是保障糧食市場供應(yīng)的重要來源，也是保障國家糧食安全的壓艙石。近年來由于過度開發(fā)和農(nóng)業(yè)污染，東北黑土地退化嚴(yán)重，根據(jù)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，截至2020年，東北黑土地水土流失面積21.60萬平方公里，占其土地總面積108.75萬平方公里的19.86%。
 
　　《黑土地保護(hù)法》明確，國家實(shí)行科學(xué)、有效的黑土地保護(hù)政策，保障黑土地保護(hù)財政投入，綜合采取工程、農(nóng)藝、農(nóng)機(jī)、生物等措施，保護(hù)黑土地的優(yōu)良生產(chǎn)能力，確保黑土地總量不減少、功能不退化、質(zhì)量有提升、產(chǎn)能可持續(xù)。
 
　　指出，縣級以上人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)推廣科學(xué)的耕作制度，采取以下措施提高黑土地質(zhì)量：
 
　　因地制宜實(shí)行輪作等用地養(yǎng)地相結(jié)合的種植制度，按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定推廣適度休耕；
 
　　因地制宜推廣免(少)耕、深松等保護(hù)性耕作技術(shù)，推廣適宜的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械；
 
　　因地制宜推廣秸稈覆蓋、粉碎深(翻)埋、過腹轉(zhuǎn)化等還田方式；
 
　　組織實(shí)施測土配方施肥，科學(xué)減少化肥施用量，鼓勵增施有機(jī)肥料，推廣土壤生物改良等技術(shù)；
 
　　推廣生物技術(shù)或者生物制劑防治病蟲害等綠色防控技術(shù)，科學(xué)減少化學(xué)農(nóng)藥、除草劑使用量，合理使用農(nóng)用薄膜等農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資料等。
 
　　此外，農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織、農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)、農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社、農(nóng)戶等應(yīng)當(dāng)十分珍惜和合理利用黑土地，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，因地制宜應(yīng)用保護(hù)性耕作等技術(shù)，積極采取提升黑土地質(zhì)量和改善農(nóng)田生態(tài)環(huán)境的養(yǎng)護(hù)措施，依法保護(hù)黑土地。從事畜禽養(yǎng)殖的單位和個人，應(yīng)當(dāng)科學(xué)開展畜禽糞污無害化處理和資源化利用，以畜禽糞污就地就近還田利用為重點(diǎn)，促進(jìn)黑土地綠色種養(yǎng)循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展。
 
　　減少化肥的使用是保護(hù)土壤的重要手段之一?！逗谕恋乇Ｗo(hù)法》明確，組織實(shí)施測土配方施肥，科學(xué)減少化肥施用量，鼓勵增施有機(jī)肥料，推廣土壤生物改良等技術(shù)；縣級以上人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)支持開展畜禽糞污無害化處理和資源化利用。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(epigene.com.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：中國人大網(wǎng)。

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