持續(xù)推進(jìn)東北黑土地保護(hù)工作，重點保護(hù)利用這32個示范縣！

2020-06-29 16:04:18 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：30559 評論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 為持續(xù)推進(jìn)黑土地保護(hù)利用工作，切實提高資金使用效益，確保工作取得實效，近日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳印發(fā)了《關(guān)于做好2020年東北黑土地保護(hù)利用工作的通知》。
 
　　《通知》明確，要綜合運(yùn)用工程、農(nóng)機(jī)、農(nóng)藝、生物等多種措施，突出重點、用養(yǎng)結(jié)合、綜合施策，集中連片推廣黑土地保護(hù)利用綜合治理技術(shù)模式，重點解決項目區(qū)黑土變“瘦”變“薄”變“硬”的問題，持續(xù)改善黑土地耕地質(zhì)量，防止耕地退化。與2017年相比，2020年東北黑土地保護(hù)利用項目示范區(qū)，耕地土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量提高3%以上，黑土耕層厚度達(dá)到25厘米以上，耕地質(zhì)量提高0.5個等級以上。
 
　　《通知》指出，繼續(xù)在東北4省(區(qū))的32個縣(市、區(qū)、旗、農(nóng)場)推進(jìn)東北黑土地保護(hù)利用試點示范(名單見附件)。一是在8個縣(市、旗、區(qū))開展整建制推進(jìn)示范，每縣示范面積50萬畝以上，至少建設(shè)10個萬畝以上集中連片示范區(qū)。黑土地保護(hù)利用治理模式要示范推廣到各鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))，鼓勵有條件的地方開展整鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))示范，在實施5年以上的項目縣實現(xiàn)20%的鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))整建制示范。二是在24個縣(市、旗、農(nóng)場)開展黑土地保護(hù)利用試點，每縣示范面積20萬畝以上，至少建設(shè)3個萬畝以上集中連片示范區(qū)。在實施2年以上的項目縣，黑土地保護(hù)利用治理模式要示范推廣到20%的鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))，鼓勵有條件的地方開展整鄉(xiāng)(鎮(zhèn))示范。
 
　　技術(shù)措施包括：
 
　　(一)北部高緯度區(qū)。主要包括克山縣、樺川縣、海倫市、富錦市、青岡縣、綏棱縣、五大連池市和寶泉嶺農(nóng)場等。該區(qū)域積溫和平均氣溫低，針對黑土地過度利用、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量下降、土壤板結(jié)等問題，可選擇秸稈深翻深混還田、秋季整地、施用有機(jī)肥、合理輪作和節(jié)水控灌等集成技術(shù)模式。
 
　　(二)東部濕潤區(qū)。主要包括東豐縣、輝南縣、柳河縣、密山市、虎林市、寶清縣等。針對水土流失嚴(yán)重、耕作層淺、土壤酸化等問題，可選擇秸稈覆蓋還田與條帶耕作、施用有機(jī)肥、深松與秋整地等集成技術(shù)模式。有條件的地區(qū)，可結(jié)合小流域水土流失綜合治理和高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)，實施“草業(yè)冠”種植、秸稈填埋修復(fù)小型侵蝕溝、等高改壟、截/排水溝建設(shè)等措施。
 
　　(三)西部干旱半干旱區(qū)。主要包括阿榮旗、開魯縣、鄂倫春自治旗、莫力達(dá)瓦達(dá)斡爾族自治旗、松原市寧江區(qū)、龍江縣、前郭爾羅斯蒙古族自治縣、雙遼市等。該區(qū)域干旱少雨，存在風(fēng)蝕、耕作層淺、土壤板結(jié)、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量低等問題，可選擇秸稈留高茬覆蓋還田或秸稈粉碎覆蓋還田與免耕播種、條帶耕作結(jié)合，配合施用有機(jī)肥、輪作培肥、水肥一體化等集成技術(shù)模式。淺山丘陵地區(qū)可結(jié)合實際實施環(huán)坡打壟、侵蝕溝復(fù)墾等措施，防止田間水土流失。
 
　　(四)中部雨養(yǎng)區(qū)。主要包括鐵嶺縣、臺安縣、新民市、燈塔市、公主嶺市、梨樹縣、伊通滿族自治縣、五常市、賓縣、巴彥縣等。針對耕作層淺、土壤板結(jié)、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量下降等問題，可選擇秸稈覆蓋還田和免(少)耕、結(jié)合秋整地秸稈粉碎全量還田、施用有機(jī)肥等集成技術(shù)模式。

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