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“十四五”循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃：到2025年，農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用率保持在86%以上

2021-07-20 16:01:28 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：26127 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：做好秸稈還田和離田利用工作，對(duì)促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展、贏得全年糧食豐收具有重要意義。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】 農(nóng)作物秸稈是農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中可直接利用的有機(jī)物料，秸稈還田對(duì)增加土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、改良土壤、培肥地力具有重要作用。秸稈及時(shí)粉碎還田有利于微生物對(duì)秸稈的分解利用及營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素的釋放，可為后茬作物提供及時(shí)有效的養(yǎng)分。為節(jié)約成本、不誤農(nóng)時(shí)，小麥聯(lián)合收割機(jī)需加裝秸稈粉碎還田裝置，收獲小麥的同時(shí)將秸稈就地切碎，均勻地拋撒在地表并形成覆蓋，直接免耕、旋耕后播種玉米或進(jìn)行水稻插秧。做好秸稈還田和離田利用工作，對(duì)促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展、贏得全年糧食豐收具有重要意義。
 
　　發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的一項(xiàng)重大戰(zhàn)略。農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用是農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的重要一環(huán)。近日國(guó)家發(fā)改委發(fā)布的《“十四五”循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃》中，明確提出，到2025年，我國(guó)資源循環(huán)型產(chǎn)業(yè)體系基本建立，覆蓋全社會(huì)的資源循環(huán)利用體系基本建成，主要資源產(chǎn)出率比2020年提高約20%，農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用率保持在86%以上。
 

 

　　《規(guī)劃》明確，到2025年，我國(guó)資源利用效率大幅提高，再生資源對(duì)原生資源的替代比例進(jìn)一步提高，循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)資源安全的支撐保障作用進(jìn)一步凸顯。農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用率保持在86%以上，大宗固廢綜合利用率達(dá)到60%，建筑垃圾綜合利用率達(dá)到60%，廢紙、廢鋼利用量分別達(dá)到6000萬噸和3.2億噸，再生有色金屬產(chǎn)量達(dá)到2000萬噸，資源循環(huán)利用產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值達(dá)到5萬億元。
 
　　在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，通過加強(qiáng)農(nóng)林廢棄物資源化利用、加強(qiáng)廢舊農(nóng)用物資回收利用、推行循環(huán)型農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展模式，深化農(nóng)業(yè)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，建立循環(huán)型農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式。
 
　　2016年，發(fā)展改革委辦公廳、農(nóng)業(yè)部辦公廳印發(fā)了《關(guān)于編制“十三五”秸稈綜合利用實(shí)施方案的指導(dǎo)意見的通知》，要求各地因地制宜，合理安排秸稈“五料化”利用，鼓勵(lì)推廣保護(hù)性耕作、秸稈青貯、氨化、生物氣化、熱解氣化、固化成型等技術(shù)。2016—2018年，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部會(huì)同財(cái)政部安排中央財(cái)政資金38億元，開展秸稈綜合利用試點(diǎn)，通過秸稈覆蓋、深翻、過腹還田等多種方式，提升秸稈還田率。2017年，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部啟動(dòng)了“東北地區(qū)秸稈處理行動(dòng)”，每年安排秸稈試點(diǎn)資金6億多元，支持東北4省(區(qū))秸稈綜合利用。以農(nóng)用優(yōu)先的原則，發(fā)布了東北高寒區(qū)玉米秸稈深翻養(yǎng)地模式、秸—飼—肥種養(yǎng)結(jié)合模式、秸—沼—肥等技術(shù)模式，推動(dòng)秸稈機(jī)械粉碎還田、養(yǎng)畜過腹還田、生物腐熟還田。2017年，東北地區(qū)秸稈綜合利用率到達(dá)72%，新增秸稈還田面積近3000萬畝。2019年，財(cái)政部在中央財(cái)政農(nóng)業(yè)資源及生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)助資金中安排19.5億元，支持全國(guó)各地開展農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用工作，鼓勵(lì)地方探索建立“誰受益誰處理”“秸稈換有機(jī)肥”等機(jī)制，通過政府培育環(huán)境、政策積極引導(dǎo)，激發(fā)秸稈還田、離田、加工利用等各環(huán)節(jié)市場(chǎng)主體活力，引導(dǎo)撬動(dòng)社會(huì)資本和金融資本支持農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用工作，形成工作合力，探索可推廣、可持續(xù)的農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用模式，建立秸稈綜合利用穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的投入保障機(jī)制。
 
　　本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(epigene.com.cn)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部網(wǎng)站、國(guó)家發(fā)改委網(wǎng)站。

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