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精準(zhǔn)定位|北斗導(dǎo)航技術(shù)讓農(nóng)業(yè)更“智慧”、更“無人化”

2020-08-10 17:21:49 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量:57047 評論

導(dǎo)讀:北斗定位系統(tǒng)早已被應(yīng)用在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,也在一步步改變著中國傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè),此次北斗三號衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)開通,未來定會為農(nóng)業(yè)提供更加精準(zhǔn)、智能的服務(wù)。那么我們今天來簡單看一下當(dāng)前的北斗技術(shù)是如何運(yùn)用在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 7月31日,北斗三號衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)在人民大會堂宣布正式開通,這是讓國人振奮的好消息,中國自主建設(shè)、獨(dú)立運(yùn)行的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng),開啟了高質(zhì)量服務(wù)、造福人類的嶄新篇章。
 
  北斗三號衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)全面建成并開通服務(wù),標(biāo)志著工程“三步走”發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略取得決戰(zhàn)決勝,我國成為獨(dú)立擁有衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的國家。目前,已有120余個(gè)國家和地區(qū)使用北斗系統(tǒng)。
 
  隨著北斗三號衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)的正式開通,如何讓北斗衛(wèi)星“天上好用,地上用好”成為各界關(guān)心的話題。在交通、農(nóng)業(yè)、環(huán)境保護(hù)等諸多領(lǐng)域,“北斗+”概念也開始“火”起來。

  其實(shí),北斗定位系統(tǒng)早已被應(yīng)用在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,也在一步步改變著中國傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè),此次北斗三號衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)開通,未來定會為農(nóng)業(yè)提供更加精準(zhǔn)、智能的服務(wù)。那么我們今天來簡單看一下當(dāng)前的北斗技術(shù)是如何運(yùn)用在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的。
 
  就在今年年初,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、中央網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、信息化委員會辦公室聯(lián)合印發(fā)了《數(shù)字農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展規(guī)劃》,特別提出要利用北斗系統(tǒng)等高科技手段,服務(wù)國家數(shù)字農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展:“具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的傳感器、無人機(jī)、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人等技術(shù)研發(fā)應(yīng)用,集成應(yīng)用衛(wèi)星遙感、航空遙感、地面物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的農(nóng)情信息獲取技術(shù)日臻成熟,基于北斗自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航的農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)監(jiān)測技術(shù)取得重要突破,廣泛應(yīng)用于小麥跨區(qū)機(jī)收。”
 
  將北斗技術(shù)應(yīng)用在小麥生產(chǎn)中,主要的體現(xiàn)就是“智慧麥作技術(shù)”,這項(xiàng)技術(shù)也是農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部性技術(shù)之一。下面以這項(xiàng)技術(shù)為例簡單概括北斗技術(shù)如何賦能農(nóng)業(yè)無人化生產(chǎn)。
 
  北斗導(dǎo)航支持下的智慧麥作技術(shù)是將北斗導(dǎo)航、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)學(xué)、信息技術(shù)、農(nóng)業(yè)工程等應(yīng)用于小麥生產(chǎn)耕、種、管、收的全流程,建立以“信息感知、定量決策、智能控制、精確投入、特色服務(wù)”為特征的現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)管理方式,實(shí)現(xiàn)小麥生產(chǎn)作業(yè)從粗放到精確、從有人到無人方式的轉(zhuǎn)變。
 
  那么這套技術(shù)“硬核”在哪里?
 
  首先是立體化感知農(nóng)業(yè)信息。以前種地都是依靠農(nóng)民在農(nóng)田親眼觀察判斷,但是這樣無法判斷所有農(nóng)作物,具有片面性,而現(xiàn)在則可以通過衛(wèi)星遙感、無人機(jī)、田間物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備共同架設(shè)“天眼地網(wǎng)”,定量、全面、立體化地獲取農(nóng)情數(shù)據(jù)。
 
  其次,獲取農(nóng)情數(shù)據(jù)后,種、肥、水、藥的施用量該怎么確定?以前農(nóng)民施肥噴藥多是憑借自身經(jīng)驗(yàn),有一定誤差,而現(xiàn)在智能技術(shù)則可根據(jù)氣候條件、土壤信息、品種特性、植物長勢等,開具種、肥、水、藥的精準(zhǔn)藥量。
 
  后到了實(shí)施這一步,要依靠智能化農(nóng)機(jī)裝備來實(shí)現(xiàn)。將農(nóng)機(jī)、農(nóng)藝與信息技術(shù)融合,給田里的“鐵騎軍”裝上“智慧大腦”,由他們來耕種管收,從而代替農(nóng)民種地,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)“無人化”。
 
  中國農(nóng)科院種植機(jī)創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)科學(xué)家張文毅表示,目前,天空地立體化苗情監(jiān)測診斷技術(shù)、無人機(jī)支持下的作物精確機(jī)噴藥技術(shù)、基于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的灌溉技術(shù)等單項(xiàng)技術(shù)已趨于成熟,已在全國主要麥作區(qū)示范應(yīng)用;小麥無人播種收獲技術(shù)已初具雛形,取得了一系列關(guān)鍵技術(shù)突破,有望在近年內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用。
 
  北斗閃耀,澤沐八方,科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展惠澤每一個(gè)人。我們相信北斗三號衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)在未來會為農(nóng)業(yè)帶來更多便利,為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)插上“無人化”翅膀,從而“飛”地更高更遠(yuǎn)。
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