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“每逢過年胖三斤”，常見的畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物處理利用模式盤點(diǎn)

2020-01-27 08:30:27 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：24976 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：“每逢過年胖三斤”，春節(jié)期間頻繁聚餐帶來的煩惱困擾著現(xiàn)在的大多數(shù)年輕人。餐桌上那些大魚大肉更是無時(shí)不在彰顯自己的存在感，但是在我們感慨美食帶來的煩惱的時(shí)候，有多少人知道我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展帶來的其他問題是怎么解決的？

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】“每逢過年胖三斤”，春節(jié)期間頻繁聚餐帶來的煩惱困擾著現(xiàn)在的大多數(shù)年輕人。餐桌上那些大魚大肉更是無時(shí)不在彰顯自己的存在感，但是在我們感慨美食帶來的煩惱的時(shí)候，有多少人知道我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展帶來的其他問題是怎么解決的？
 
　　近些年我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，但是與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化處理循環(huán)利用技術(shù)卻顯得相對(duì)滯后。未經(jīng)處理的畜禽糞便隨意堆放，造成空氣、水體以及土壤的污染，終危害身體健康。
 
　　目前常用的畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化處理循環(huán)利用模式包括種養(yǎng)結(jié)合模式、清潔回用模式、達(dá)標(biāo)排放模式、集中處理模式等。農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)就此盤點(diǎn)集中常見的模式。
 
　　政府購買服務(wù)型
 
　　采用“政府+公司+合作社”的形式，建立政府依托有機(jī)肥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，與其簽訂畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物收集處理合同，政府支付企業(yè)一定的補(bǔ)貼，有機(jī)肥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)按照合同約定完成養(yǎng)殖合作社廢棄物收集處理的市場化、商業(yè)化運(yùn)行的政府購買服務(wù)型畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化處理模式。能夠較好地實(shí)現(xiàn)糞便等養(yǎng)殖廢棄物“全量資源化”利用。
 
　　主要采用的技術(shù)模式包括：集中收集技術(shù)，即有機(jī)肥生產(chǎn)企業(yè)對(duì)養(yǎng)殖廢棄物(糞便)進(jìn)行訂單式收集拉運(yùn)、收集；有機(jī)肥加工技術(shù)，即對(duì)糞便集中發(fā)酵處理、陳化堆放、翻拋充氧、粉碎攪拌、篩分包裝、有機(jī)肥銷售+訂單式蔬菜園區(qū)補(bǔ)貼銷售技術(shù)模式。
 
　　該技術(shù)模式通過集成配套糞污運(yùn)輸車、條垛式有機(jī)肥翻拋機(jī)、粉碎機(jī)、攪拌機(jī)、篩分機(jī)、包裝機(jī)、固體有機(jī)肥撒肥機(jī)、液體有機(jī)肥撒肥機(jī)等農(nóng)機(jī)技術(shù)裝備實(shí)現(xiàn)養(yǎng)殖廢棄物的資源化處理。
 
　　企業(yè)主導(dǎo)型
 
　　養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)建立獨(dú)立的或?qū)で笙鄳?yīng)的工廠化處理設(shè)施設(shè)備，對(duì)自有養(yǎng)殖廢棄物(糞污、病死動(dòng)物)進(jìn)行達(dá)標(biāo)排放的畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化處理模式。養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)根據(jù)養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模設(shè)計(jì)建造與其相匹配的“雨污分流”，雨水回收利用，污水生化處理，固體糞肥還田利用，病死動(dòng)物無害化處理系統(tǒng)對(duì)養(yǎng)殖廢棄物進(jìn)行資源化處理。
 
　　主要采用的技術(shù)模式包括：固液分離技術(shù)，即養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)建立對(duì)養(yǎng)殖廢棄物進(jìn)行雨污分離、固液分離處理，實(shí)現(xiàn)固體和液體廢棄物的有效分離；好氧堆肥處理技術(shù)，即固體糞便進(jìn)行好養(yǎng)堆肥發(fā)酵處理，形成固體肥料，然后進(jìn)行還田利用；污水處理技術(shù)，即通過承壓式絮凝反應(yīng)器、疊螺脫水、好氧處理、厭氧處理、自然氧化降解處理后灌溉林地。
 
　　該技術(shù)模式通過集成配套糞污自動(dòng)收集系統(tǒng)、格柵機(jī)、沉淀池、沉沙池、固液分離機(jī)、絮凝反應(yīng)器、疊螺脫水機(jī)、好氧處理池、厭氧處理池、自然氧化塘等農(nóng)機(jī)化技術(shù)裝備，完成豬場糞污的資源化處理，生產(chǎn)有機(jī)肥，有機(jī)肥回用周邊蔬菜園區(qū)、果園、林地，實(shí)現(xiàn)糞污機(jī)械化處理—污水達(dá)標(biāo)治理—污水澆灌的資源化處理回林利用。通過集成配套動(dòng)物尸體轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)、儲(chǔ)存、加工等機(jī)械設(shè)備，采用生物降解+高溫殺菌相結(jié)合的分切、絞碎、發(fā)酵、殺菌、干燥機(jī)械化處理技術(shù)將動(dòng)物尸體加工成生物有機(jī)肥，實(shí)現(xiàn)病死動(dòng)物機(jī)械化收集處理—生物有機(jī)肥加工—生物有機(jī)肥資源化處理回田利用。
 
　　區(qū)域自消納型
 
　　養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)與周邊蔬菜園區(qū)、果園、大田種植戶、種植合作社等簽訂或口頭約定糞肥供應(yīng)協(xié)議，養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)對(duì)糞污進(jìn)行機(jī)械化、無害化、資源化處理。蔬菜園區(qū)、果園等使用養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)提供的糞肥、液肥，形成養(yǎng)殖企業(yè)配套“他人或自有農(nóng)田”，糞污區(qū)域內(nèi)自行消納的運(yùn)行模式。
 
　　主要采用的技術(shù)模式以沼氣工程技術(shù)為主體，重點(diǎn)集成配套糞污收集機(jī)械、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)機(jī)械、固體糞肥撒施機(jī)、液體糞肥撒施機(jī)、沼液貯存池、輸送管道、固定式噴灌或移動(dòng)式噴灌等技術(shù)裝備，糞污在區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)自行消納循環(huán)利用，形成糞污機(jī)械化收集處理—沼氣工程—糞肥、沼液資源化處理回田利用技術(shù)模式。
 
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