補短板、擴補貼：設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)將迎來高質(zhì)量發(fā)展?。▋?nèi)附補貼詳情）

2019-12-21 16:48:36 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：48558 評論

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 隨著我國現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技進步，傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)種養(yǎng)模式全面機械化的同時，設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)機械化也獲得了一定發(fā)展。噴滴灌精準(zhǔn)施肥的溫室大棚、自動化送料系統(tǒng)喂養(yǎng)的智能豬舍、推水增氧“跑道”裝置的魚塘……設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)機械化、智能化，正在改變傳統(tǒng)種養(yǎng)模式，推進農(nóng)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。
 
　　設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)包括設(shè)施園藝(種植)、設(shè)施養(yǎng)殖、設(shè)施水產(chǎn)三個領(lǐng)域。據(jù)了解，經(jīng)過10多年的發(fā)展，我國已成為設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)第一大國，溫室面積占世界比重超過80%。設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要驅(qū)動力，是農(nóng)業(yè)增效、農(nóng)民增收、食品安全的重要產(chǎn)業(yè)支柱。對鄉(xiāng)村振興發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。

　　發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
 
　　據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計，2018年我國溫室面積達(dá)196.37萬公頃，畜禽設(shè)施規(guī)模化養(yǎng)殖率達(dá)到60.5%，工廠化水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖面積達(dá)8187.9萬立方米。設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)育苗育種、生產(chǎn)、加工、冷鏈物流、銷售等產(chǎn)前、產(chǎn)中、產(chǎn)后全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條基本形成，規(guī)模以上溫室工程企業(yè)556家，溫室材料設(shè)備企業(yè)471家；設(shè)施蔬菜產(chǎn)量占到全國蔬菜總產(chǎn)量的30%左右，設(shè)施園藝年產(chǎn)值9800億元，提供了約4000萬個就業(yè)崗位。設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)和運行維護還有效帶動農(nóng)村建筑、材料、機械、化工等相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，拓寬了農(nóng)民就業(yè)增收渠道。
 
　　補短板：升級裝備、擴大補貼
 
　　雖然我國設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)模巨大，但整體機械化水平卻很低。設(shè)施園藝方面，當(dāng)前全國設(shè)施園藝機械化率平均僅達(dá)33%，且在不同設(shè)施、不同環(huán)節(jié)上極不平衡。連棟溫室機械化水平相對高，日光溫室和大棚低；耕整地和水肥環(huán)節(jié)相對高，種和收環(huán)節(jié)低，環(huán)控居中。裝備從基礎(chǔ)層面升級任務(wù)迫切。
 
　　此外，在農(nóng)機補貼方面，設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)裝備補貼占比低、范圍窄。據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計，此前設(shè)施園藝裝備年度所占比重基本在1%以內(nèi)，品類較少?！?018-2020年農(nóng)機購置補貼實施指導(dǎo)意見》中也僅列了電動卷簾機、熱風(fēng)爐、加溫系統(tǒng)(含燃油熱風(fēng)爐、熱水加溫系統(tǒng))、水簾降溫設(shè)備四類設(shè)備，區(qū)域局限性明顯，適應(yīng)當(dāng)前產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展需要的環(huán)境控制、省力作業(yè)機具、信息化管理系統(tǒng)等已成熟和廣泛應(yīng)用的設(shè)備急待納入。雖然部分省份已經(jīng)啟動了補貼試點，對大棚和溫室進行補貼，但當(dāng)前補貼范圍、對象、有效性仍急需統(tǒng)籌和改進。
 
　　在今年8月舉辦的2019中國設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)大會上，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機械化管理司政策規(guī)劃處李偉副處長曾表示，近年來，農(nóng)機購置補貼的平穩(wěn)運行，既為設(shè)施大棚骨架補貼積累了管理經(jīng)驗，也提供了資金保障；下一階段將在除浙江外，寧波、江西、遼寧、山東、安徽等省(市)陸續(xù)開展試點，積累一定經(jīng)驗。在此基礎(chǔ)上，農(nóng)機化司將進一步總結(jié)設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)狀，提出存在問題，分析面臨形勢，制訂發(fā)展目標(biāo)，研究對設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的扶持措施，同時將發(fā)布日光溫室、設(shè)施畜牧業(yè)、設(shè)施水產(chǎn)業(yè)類設(shè)施的補貼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
 
　　部分省份具體補貼政策
 
　　在設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)裝備購置補貼上，筆者整理了遼寧、山東、安徽三個省份的具體政策以供參考。
 
遼寧省
 
　　2019年，遼寧省將節(jié)能日光溫室鋼結(jié)構(gòu)骨架列入農(nóng)機購置補貼范圍，并開展兩年試點工作，每年投入3000萬元支持設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，補貼產(chǎn)品為節(jié)能日光溫室標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化鋼結(jié)構(gòu)骨架鋼結(jié)構(gòu)骨架主體應(yīng)用于遼寧省第三代節(jié)能日光溫室，主要包括全落地式、半落地式節(jié)能日光溫室和鋼結(jié)構(gòu)骨架大棚。
 
　　補貼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為：全落地式鋼結(jié)構(gòu)骨架節(jié)能日光溫室，每棟溫室內(nèi)每畝生產(chǎn)面積鋼結(jié)構(gòu)骨架定額補貼1.4萬元；半落地式鋼結(jié)構(gòu)骨架節(jié)能日光溫室，每棟溫室內(nèi)每畝生產(chǎn)面積鋼結(jié)構(gòu)骨架定額補貼1.2萬元；鋼結(jié)構(gòu)骨架大棚，每棟棚內(nèi)每畝生產(chǎn)面積鋼結(jié)構(gòu)骨架定額補貼0.8萬元。
 
山東省
 
　　山東省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳今年8月印發(fā)《山東省2019-2020年日光溫室補貼試點工作實施方案》，安排中央農(nóng)機購置補貼資金2600萬元，在濟南市萊蕪區(qū)、青州市、壽光市、蘭陵縣、莘縣等設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展重點地區(qū)和近兩年日光溫室大棚暴雨受災(zāi)嚴(yán)重縣區(qū)，開展日光溫室補貼試點。

　　補貼產(chǎn)品為日光溫室(不含基建部分)，對符合補貼產(chǎn)品條件的日光溫室按室內(nèi)面積每平方米補貼40元；單棟日光溫室補貼資金不超過5萬元。年度內(nèi)，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)個人每戶享受補貼日光溫室數(shù)量不超過2棟，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營組織不超過5棟。
 
安徽省
 
　　今年11月，安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳、安徽省財政廳聯(lián)合發(fā)布《關(guān)于開展2019-2020年連棟溫室農(nóng)機新產(chǎn)品購置補貼試點工作的通知》，決定在全省范圍內(nèi)開展連棟溫室農(nóng)機新產(chǎn)品購置補貼試點工作。
 
　　此次試點工作將連棟塑料膜溫室和連棟玻璃溫室納入試點補貼范圍。試點期間，每年安徽省從年度農(nóng)機購置補貼資金總規(guī)模中安排3000萬元，用于連棟溫室、廢棄物料烘干機農(nóng)機新產(chǎn)品購置補貼試點。

　　連棟塑料膜溫室起補軸線面積為2000平方米(含)，連棟玻璃溫室起補軸線面積為1000平方米(含)。年度內(nèi)，從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的個人和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營組織可享受補貼資金總額分別不超過30萬元(含)和80萬元(含)。

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