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農用薄膜殘留污染問題日益嚴重，《農用薄膜管理辦法（試行）》征求意見

2019-12-09 16:59:07 來源：農機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：37638 評論

導讀：2019年1月1日起施行的《中華人民共和國土壤污染防治法》第三十條明確規(guī)定，農業(yè)投入品生產者、銷售者和使用者應當及時回收農用薄膜，具體辦法由國務院農業(yè)農村主管部門會同國務院生態(tài)環(huán)境等主管部門制定。

　　【農機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】農用薄膜是重要的農業(yè)生產資料，我國農用薄膜覆蓋面積大、應用范圍廣，在增加農作物產量、提高品質、豐富農產品供給結構等方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。但由于重使用、輕回收，回收主體不落實等原因，部分地區(qū)農用薄膜殘留污染問題日益嚴重，已成為制約農業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的突出環(huán)境問題。
 
　　2019年1月1日起施行的《中華人民共和國土壤污染防治法》第三十條明確規(guī)定，農業(yè)投入品生產者、銷售者和使用者應當及時回收農用薄膜，具體辦法由國務院農業(yè)農村主管部門會同國務院生態(tài)環(huán)境等主管部門制定。
 
　　日前，根據(jù)《中華人民共和國土壤污染防治法》的要求，農業(yè)農村部牽頭研究起草了《農用薄膜管理辦法(試行)(征求意見稿)》。征求意見稿分為總則，生產、銷售和使用，回收和再利用，監(jiān)督檢查，附則五章，共計25條，主要規(guī)定了五方面內容。
 
　　（一）建立全鏈條監(jiān)管體制
 
　　農用薄膜管理涉及面廣，只有從生產、銷售、使用、回收、再利用等環(huán)節(jié)實施全鏈條監(jiān)督管理，才能實現(xiàn)改善農業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境，推進農業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的目的，需要建立一個多部門分工配合的管理體制。
 
　　因此，征求意見稿遵循全過程監(jiān)督管理的思路，規(guī)定：
 
　　一是地方各級人民政府依法對本行政區(qū)域農用薄膜污染防治負責，組織、協(xié)調、督促有關部門依法履行農用薄膜污染防治監(jiān)督管理職責。
 
　　二是明確了農業(yè)農村、工業(yè)和信息化、市場監(jiān)督管理、生態(tài)環(huán)境等部門在農用薄膜監(jiān)督管理中的相應職責。
 
　　（二）規(guī)范生產、銷售和使用行為
 
　　為了便于產品追溯和市場監(jiān)管，規(guī)范生產者、銷售者、使用者在生產、銷售和使用環(huán)節(jié)的行為，征求意見稿規(guī)定：
 
　　一是生產者應當執(zhí)行農用薄膜相關標準，在產品上添加企業(yè)標識，對全生物降解農用薄膜和非全生物降解農用薄膜在產品合格證上標注的內容進行區(qū)分，建立農用薄膜出廠銷售記錄。
 
　　二是薄膜銷售者應當依法查驗農用薄膜產品的包裝、標簽、質量檢驗合格證，不得采購和銷售未達到國家強制性標準的農用薄膜，不得將非農用薄膜銷售給農用薄膜使用者，建立銷售臺賬。
 
　　三是使用者應當按照產品標簽標注的期限使用農用薄膜，農業(yè)生產企業(yè)、農民專業(yè)合作社等使用者應當依法建立農用薄膜使用記錄。同時，對生產、銷售和使用記錄的內容和保存期限作出規(guī)定。
 
　　（三）落實回收責任
 
　　按照《中華人民共和國土壤污染防治法》第三十條要求，生產者、銷售者、使用者都是農用薄膜的回收主體，為落實不同主體的回收責任，征求意見稿規(guī)定：農用薄膜使用者應當在使用期限到期前撿拾田間的非全生物降解農用薄膜廢棄物，交至回收網(wǎng)點或回收工作者，不得隨意棄置、掩埋或者焚燒；農用薄膜生產者、銷售者、回收網(wǎng)點、廢舊農用薄膜回收再利用企業(yè)或其他組織等應當開展合作，采取多種方式，建立健全農膜回收利用體系，推動廢舊農膜回收、處理和再利用。
 
　　（四）鼓勵廢舊農用薄膜再利用
 
　　為鼓勵技術創(chuàng)新，提高農用薄膜的利用水平，推進綠色發(fā)展，征求意見稿規(guī)定：
 
　　一是鼓勵研發(fā)、推廣農用薄膜回收技術與機械，開展廢舊農用薄膜再利用。
 
　　二是支持廢舊農用薄膜再利用企業(yè)按照規(guī)定享受用地、用電、用水、信貸、稅收等優(yōu)惠政策，扶持從事廢舊農用薄膜再利用的社會化服務組織和企業(yè)。地方政府建立農用薄膜回收激勵政策。
 
　　（五）明確監(jiān)督檢查措施和法律責任
 
　　一是規(guī)定了農用薄膜殘留監(jiān)測制度，由縣級以上地方人民政府農業(yè)農村部門應當定期開展本行政區(qū)域的農用薄膜殘留監(jiān)測。
 
　　二是規(guī)定了農用薄膜市場監(jiān)管制度，由縣級以上人民政府市場監(jiān)督管理部門定期開展本行政區(qū)域的農用薄膜市場監(jiān)督檢查。
 
　　三是明確生產、銷售不符合強制性標準的農用薄膜，以及未及時回收農用薄膜，應當承擔相應的法律責任，分別按照《中華人民共和國產品質量法》《中華人民共和國土壤污染防治法》等規(guī)定處理。
 
　　本文由農機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，部分資料來源：農業(yè)農村部，如有侵權或異議請聯(lián)系我們。

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