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種糧收入低,農(nóng)民不愿種地,如何解決這一困境?

2019-07-19 17:05:05 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:46010 評論

導(dǎo)讀:國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局近日發(fā)布數(shù)據(jù),2019年全國夏糧總產(chǎn)量14174萬噸(2835億斤),比2018年增加293萬噸(58.6億斤),增長2.1%。其中,小麥產(chǎn)量13106萬噸(2621億斤),比2018年增加267萬噸(53.3億斤),增長2.1%。2019年夏糧播種面積略減,但得益于單產(chǎn)恢復(fù)性增長,夏糧產(chǎn)量增加。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局近日發(fā)布數(shù)據(jù),2019年全國夏糧總產(chǎn)量14174萬噸(2835億斤),比2018年增加293萬噸(58.6億斤),增長2.1%。其中,小麥產(chǎn)量13106萬噸(2621億斤),比2018年增加267萬噸(53.3億斤),增長2.1%。2019年夏糧播種面積略減,但得益于單產(chǎn)恢復(fù)性增長,夏糧產(chǎn)量增加。
 
  今年夏糧豐收已是不爭的事實(shí)。而另一方面,為緩解市場壓力,6月中上旬安徽、江蘇兩省啟動了小麥低收購執(zhí)行預(yù)案。進(jìn)入7月份,河南、湖北、山東也相繼啟動收購預(yù)案。目前,小麥主產(chǎn)區(qū)6省中已有5省啟動了收購預(yù)案,僅有河北還沒有啟動。據(jù)了解,近來河北市場除了輪換企業(yè)、面粉加工企業(yè)收購?fù)猓渌胧惺召徶黧w較少,一些地區(qū)小麥價(jià)格也基本運(yùn)行于托市價(jià)區(qū)域。由于市場小麥價(jià)格將持續(xù)回落,后期極有可能低于國家低收購價(jià)水平,屆時(shí)河北小麥低收購價(jià)執(zhí)行預(yù)案也將會啟動。

  糧食豐收,但是糧食價(jià)格尤其是主糧價(jià)格卻讓很多農(nóng)民不滿意。農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)后臺經(jīng)常收到用戶留言,表示“糧食價(jià)格不高,很多農(nóng)民都不愿意種地了”。隨著社會發(fā)展,勞動力成本上升,種糧成本不斷增加,而糧食價(jià)格卻沒有相應(yīng)上漲,農(nóng)民入不敷出,雖然有農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼,但農(nóng)民種糧積極性并不高。這也是近年來農(nóng)機(jī)市場低迷的一個(gè)間接原因。
 
  縱觀近十多年來國內(nèi)物價(jià)上漲情況,物品價(jià)格翻了幾倍甚至幾十倍,但糧食價(jià)格卻上漲比較緩慢,只漲了60%,而且近些年來并沒有漲價(jià),一直維持在比較低的價(jià)位。為什么糧食價(jià)格上漲緩慢呢?其中很重要的一個(gè)原因是,糧食關(guān)乎國計(jì)民生,糧價(jià)穩(wěn)定關(guān)乎社會穩(wěn)定。糧食是每個(gè)家庭的必須品,如果一旦漲價(jià),就很容易引起恐慌。而且糧食是國家戰(zhàn)略儲備的重要物資,國家自然要把控好價(jià)格,必要時(shí)會對農(nóng)民進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼,以避免給百姓造成過高的漲價(jià)負(fù)擔(dān)。因此,糧油價(jià)格不能大漲,只能緩慢上移。
 
  既然糧食價(jià)格不能大漲,想提高農(nóng)民積極性同時(shí)盤活農(nóng)機(jī)市場,可以從源頭上減少種糧的成本。
 
  當(dāng)前,小農(nóng)生產(chǎn)在我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營方式中仍占據(jù)著重要位置,“大國小農(nóng)”是基本國情。小農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)模式不僅不利于降低生產(chǎn)成本,而且“一盤散沙”的局面很難應(yīng)對市場的競爭,很多農(nóng)民在種植過程中,偏重于追求量,忽略了質(zhì)的重要性,市場上的中糧食供給不足,低端糧食品種卻太多,這也是導(dǎo)致糧食收購價(jià)格低的原因之一。
 
  筆者認(rèn)為,要降低生產(chǎn)成本、提高種糧農(nóng)民的積極性,除了國家政策補(bǔ)貼外,還應(yīng)該推行規(guī)?;N植,全面推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)全程機(jī)械化,大力發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè),從而提高糧食單產(chǎn),這樣糧食成本會有一定幅度的下降。
 
  一方面要加快推進(jìn)土地流轉(zhuǎn),把閑置的土地集中到種糧大戶、合作社等經(jīng)營主體手上,不僅能解放勞動力、提高土地利用效率,更能加快土地規(guī)?;?jīng)營。據(jù)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),目前我國土地流轉(zhuǎn)面積已經(jīng)達(dá)到了 4.71 億畝,占家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包的耕地比例達(dá)到近 36%。
 
  另一方面要加大新型經(jīng)營主體培育力度。在去年年底召開的中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會議上,關(guān)于2019年的三農(nóng)工作任務(wù),會議特別指出,“要重視培育家庭農(nóng)場、農(nóng)民合作社等新型經(jīng)營主體,注重解決小農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營面臨的困難,把他們引入現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展大格局。”
 
  近年來各級農(nóng)機(jī)化主管部門高度重視新型經(jīng)營主體發(fā)展,據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)全國農(nóng)機(jī)合作社已達(dá)7萬個(gè)。當(dāng)前,農(nóng)機(jī)合作社已經(jīng)成為農(nóng)業(yè)專業(yè)化、社會化服務(wù)的主力軍、農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營的推進(jìn)器,在實(shí)現(xiàn)小農(nóng)戶與現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有機(jī)銜接中起到了不可替代的作用。
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