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聚焦博鰲,讓農(nóng)民成為有吸引力的職業(yè)

2018-04-10 15:51:58 來源:中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量:23246 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:面朝黃土背朝天,素來是我們談到農(nóng)民時(shí)的反應(yīng),在我們的固有印象里農(nóng)民總是代表著粗糙、貧瘠...在4月9日舉行的博鰲亞洲論壇“轉(zhuǎn)型中的農(nóng)民與農(nóng)村”分論壇上,提出了鄉(xiāng)村振興的未來愿景——讓農(nóng)業(yè)成為有奔頭的產(chǎn)業(yè);讓農(nóng)民成為有吸引力的職業(yè);讓農(nóng)村成為安居樂業(yè)的美麗家園。

  【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】 面朝黃土背朝天,素來是我們談到農(nóng)民時(shí)的反應(yīng),在我們的固有印象里農(nóng)民總是代表著粗糙、貧瘠...在4月9日舉行的博鰲亞洲論壇“轉(zhuǎn)型中的農(nóng)民與農(nóng)村”分論壇上,提出了鄉(xiāng)村振興的未來愿景——讓農(nóng)業(yè)成為有奔頭的產(chǎn)業(yè);讓農(nóng)民成為有吸引力的職業(yè);讓農(nóng)村成為安居樂業(yè)的美麗家園。
 

  農(nóng)村“空心化”、人口老齡化等問題凸顯,培育農(nóng)村的鄉(xiāng)土人才,培育新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民就顯得至關(guān)重要。“有專家認(rèn)為,如果一戶職業(yè)農(nóng)民能夠有100畝地的經(jīng)營(yíng),那我們?nèi)袊?guó)的土地大概有2000萬職業(yè)農(nóng)民就差不多了,這是一個(gè)很好的愿景。”
 
  傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)民與職業(yè)農(nóng)民
 
  傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)民,或者說是身份農(nóng)民,就是我們刻板印象里的農(nóng)民形象,質(zhì)樸卻粗糙,勤勞卻貧窮。這個(gè)農(nóng)民更多的是因?yàn)樯矸莸?ldquo;烙印”而非自主選擇,就像很多走出校門便進(jìn)城闖世界的鄉(xiāng)村青年,他們中很多人連一天農(nóng)活也沒干過,然而別人和他們自己都把他們看成“打工的農(nóng)民”,也就是我們所說的“農(nóng)民工”。相反,在六七十年代,城市青年下放到農(nóng)村插隊(duì)務(wù)農(nóng),但不僅不會(huì)有人稱之為“農(nóng)民教師”(如稱“農(nóng)民工”那樣),而是稱呼為“知青”。就是在當(dāng)年,“知青”與“農(nóng)民”在人們心目中仍然是兩個(gè)概念。
 
  新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民則是以農(nóng)業(yè)為職業(yè)、具有相應(yīng)的專業(yè)技能、收入主要來自農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)并達(dá)到相當(dāng)水平的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)從業(yè)者。相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)民,意味著“農(nóng)民”成為了一種自由選擇的職業(yè),而不再是一種被賦予的身份。新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民可分為生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)型、專業(yè)技能型和社會(huì)服務(wù)型三種類型。
 
  “新老農(nóng)”身份轉(zhuǎn)變助力鄉(xiāng)村振興
 
  鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略自十九大提出以來,一直受到普遍關(guān)注,如今已經(jīng)成為了網(wǎng)絡(luò)熱詞之一。當(dāng)然,鄉(xiāng)村振興這個(gè)戲要唱好離不開唱戲的人,沒有人鄉(xiāng)村振興也就只是一句空話而已。然而,農(nóng)村的“空心化”和人口老齡化已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)我們無法避免的關(guān)鍵性問題,“50后”種不動(dòng)地,“60后”種不好地,“70后”不愿種地,“80后”不會(huì)種地,“90后”不談種地的尷尬景象卻是普遍事實(shí)。
 
  誠(chéng)然,隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷發(fā)展,城鄉(xiāng)差距進(jìn)一步拉大,農(nóng)村青壯年勞動(dòng)力大量外出務(wù)工是一個(gè)必然趨勢(shì)。但是,隨著鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的提出以及農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,農(nóng)民工等各類返鄉(xiāng)下鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)人員也越來越多,職業(yè)農(nóng)民正慢慢步上正軌。新老農(nóng)的身份轉(zhuǎn)換,意味著整個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)行業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí),尤其是農(nóng)機(jī)的使用更是助推了鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施。農(nóng)民不再是又苦又臟又累的了,他們也能像普通上班族一樣,選擇一個(gè)自己喜歡的職業(yè)去奮斗,還在在上班之余的時(shí)間去補(bǔ)充和充實(shí)自己的專業(yè)技能。
 
  人才隊(duì)伍建設(shè),讓農(nóng)民成為有吸引力的職業(yè)
 
  基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和大數(shù)據(jù)的不斷發(fā)展,人們接收消息的渠道也在不斷加寬加深,職業(yè)農(nóng)民不僅僅需要有一定的專業(yè)技能,還需要懂經(jīng)營(yíng)、善管理,如大學(xué)生村官、大中專畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)村創(chuàng)業(yè)者、返鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)民等都是成為職業(yè)農(nóng)民的主力軍。
 
  重視農(nóng)村人才隊(duì)伍建設(shè),加大三農(nóng)干部培養(yǎng)力度,全面建立職業(yè)農(nóng)民制度,加快培育新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體,發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng),引導(dǎo)支持鼓勵(lì)各類人才返鄉(xiāng)下鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)興業(yè),讓農(nóng)民成為有吸引力的職業(yè)。
 
  小結(jié)
 
  培育新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民,是讓農(nóng)民告別傳統(tǒng)的“身份”稱謂,從事一份體面、令人羨慕的職業(yè)。發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè),職業(yè)農(nóng)民要擅于利用新技術(shù)、新運(yùn)用,把這些投入到農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,提升農(nóng)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和品牌力。但同時(shí),職業(yè)農(nóng)民們由于普遍產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模較大,承擔(dān)的自然和市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也大,因此,對(duì)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)、政策扶持和市場(chǎng)服務(wù)等都有著強(qiáng)烈的需求。
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