雨足郊原正得晴，地綿萬里盡春耕

2019-03-22 17:02:23 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：四夕 閱讀量：42526 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】楊柳青青，鶯飛草長，時(shí)值春分，我國除青藏高原、東北、西北和華北北部地區(qū)外都已進(jìn)入明媚的春天，正是踏青好時(shí)節(jié)。
 
　　中國古代以農(nóng)業(yè)立國，農(nóng)業(yè)講究時(shí)令氣節(jié)，春種、夏長、秋收、冬藏，一概以時(shí)令為轉(zhuǎn)移。對于廣大的農(nóng)民朋友來說，“一年之計(jì)在于春”，春天總是充滿著希望。春耕對于一年的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。一般來說，“春雷響，萬物長”，“微雨眾卉新，一雷驚蟄始，田家?guī)兹臻e？耕種從此始。”驚蟄過后，伴隨著氣溫的回升和雨水的增多，我國大部分地區(qū)都逐漸進(jìn)入了春耕期。
 
　　春分農(nóng)事：緊抓春耕備耕良機(jī)
 
　　春分時(shí)節(jié)，北方春季少雨的地區(qū)開始抓緊時(shí)間春灌，澆好拔節(jié)水，施好拔節(jié)肥，而南方則繼續(xù)做好排澇防漬的工作。這個(gè)時(shí)候，南方大部分越冬作物進(jìn)入了春季生長的階段，隨著氣溫的不斷回升，對于水稻、玉米等作物的播種也是十分有利的。而有時(shí)候又會有小股冷空氣入侵，形成持續(xù)數(shù)天的低溫陰雨天氣，因此，充分利用天氣預(yù)報(bào)，適時(shí)播種顯然是非常重要的。
 
　　春耕的重要性不言而喻，安排部署好春耕備耕工作，對于夯實(shí)全年農(nóng)業(yè)豐收基礎(chǔ)具有重要意義，而爭搶農(nóng)時(shí)更是需要講究效率。伴隨著現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械所能發(fā)揮的作用也越來越大，農(nóng)機(jī)在春耕備耕工作中的有效使用，進(jìn)一步提高了春耕備耕作業(yè)效率和作業(yè)質(zhì)量。
 
　　春耕變形記：機(jī)器換人，智能耕作
 
　　上古的農(nóng)業(yè)大多實(shí)行刀耕火種，一年的農(nóng)事始于燒荒，《禮記·郊特牲》說：“季春出火，為焚也。”說的就是古代出火燒荒儀式。由火正把妥善保存了一冬的火種引到野外，點(diǎn)燃燒荒，到了秋季，還要舉行“納火”的儀式，把火種收藏起來。
 
　　牛軛，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很少有人見到了，但在以前，這卻是春耕時(shí)重要的農(nóng)具之一。其狀如“人”字形，有半米見方長，兩棱，與牛、犁鏵配套使用，耕田時(shí)候農(nóng)人就把它安置在牛的脖頸上，牛在人的鞭策下前行，帶動犁鏵耕地。還有的地方，就是簡單的用鋤頭耕地了，耗時(shí)長，效率低。
 
　　而現(xiàn)在，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大型插秧機(jī)、“有機(jī)枕”種植等一大批高科技和新型種植技術(shù)的推廣使用，使得傳統(tǒng)的春耕方式悄然發(fā)生變化，省時(shí)省力、自動化、智能化正成為新潮流。在田地里安裝感應(yīng)器和接收器，實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測農(nóng)場的溫度、濕度、降雨量、光照情況等信息，還可以根據(jù)需要遠(yuǎn)程操控遮陽板和澆灌設(shè)備，農(nóng)戶往往只需要一個(gè)小小的智能手機(jī)就能完成大量的農(nóng)業(yè)勞作。
 
　　春耕在即，需選購一臺好用的拖拉機(jī)
 
　　春耕備耕對農(nóng)機(jī)具需求量大，而隨著我國農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)?；l(fā)展對于農(nóng)機(jī)化需求的進(jìn)一加大，春耕期的拖拉機(jī)需求也越來越向大馬力發(fā)展。筆者這里推薦幾款較受關(guān)注的拖拉機(jī)產(chǎn)品。
 
　　東風(fēng)1804-2204輪式拖拉機(jī)：18+18梭式換擋，選裝爬行擋，斜齒傳動，噪音小，采用意大利前驅(qū)動橋，結(jié)構(gòu)先進(jìn)，性能可靠；電控液壓系統(tǒng)，提升力大，可實(shí)現(xiàn)力、位、力位綜合等調(diào)節(jié)模式，后三點(diǎn)懸掛采用快速掛接裝置，掛接機(jī)具時(shí)間短，匹配的上柴電控發(fā)動機(jī)動力強(qiáng)勁，扭矩儲備大，作業(yè)效率高；400升超大油箱，持續(xù)作業(yè)時(shí)間長。
 
　　麥賽福格森大馬力拖拉機(jī)MF 2204：搭載自有的愛科動力發(fā)動機(jī)，技術(shù)先進(jìn)，可大程度節(jié)約燃油，充分利用每一滴燃油，為用戶帶來大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益；同時(shí)愛科*的Dyna-6傳動系統(tǒng)，6級區(qū)域負(fù)載，檔位布局合理，傳遞效率更高；先進(jìn)的電液懸掛控制系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)的作業(yè)性能；另外全新設(shè)計(jì)的駕駛室，提供廣闊的視野、便捷的操作和更佳舒適性，讓用戶享受的駕駛體驗(yàn)。
 
　　薩丁3004拖拉機(jī)：搭載上柴國三高壓共軌發(fā)動機(jī)，扭矩儲備大，9L排量的發(fā)動機(jī)足以保證在重負(fù)荷作業(yè)時(shí)擁有充足的動力的同時(shí)油耗更低；18F+6R檔位變速器，檔位分布合理，農(nóng)藝適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)；配置17時(shí)加強(qiáng)型進(jìn)口膠片單作用離合器、意大利卡拉羅前橋、美國皮爾軸承、特瑞堡子午線輪胎、格拉莫座椅等一系列零部件的配置，保證了整機(jī)的使用壽命和質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定性。
 
　　天拖TNE1004-1輪式拖拉機(jī)：一臺4×4四輪驅(qū)動拖拉機(jī)，其標(biāo)定功率為73.5千瓦，標(biāo)定轉(zhuǎn)速為2300r/min，采用單片干式，獨(dú)立操縱雙作用的離合器。變速箱由4×(2+1)×2組成式，16F/8R，主副變速直齒嚙合套換擋組成。該型號的拖拉機(jī)耕深調(diào)節(jié)方式為位調(diào)節(jié)及浮動控制。這一調(diào)節(jié)方式能夠增大驅(qū)動輪的附著力，從而改善拖拉機(jī)的牽引性能。而其后置三點(diǎn)的懸掛方式，則大大提高了整個(gè)機(jī)械的安全性能。

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