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農(nóng)機(jī)社會化服務(wù)提檔升級：農(nóng)機(jī)合作社發(fā)展正當(dāng)時

2018-12-07 16:57:49 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：46781 評論

導(dǎo)讀：近年來，我國城市化進(jìn)程不斷加快，相反，農(nóng)村勞動力卻隨之逐漸減少，而不斷發(fā)展壯大的農(nóng)機(jī)專業(yè)合作社在農(nóng)業(yè)全面機(jī)械化進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。作為農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務(wù)體系中重要的有機(jī)組成部分，農(nóng)機(jī)合作社可以說是鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略實施過程中實現(xiàn)小農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)業(yè)全面現(xiàn)代化有機(jī)銜接的必要載體。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 近年來，我國城市化進(jìn)程不斷加快，相反，農(nóng)村勞動力卻隨之逐漸減少，而不斷發(fā)展壯大的農(nóng)機(jī)專業(yè)合作社在農(nóng)業(yè)全面機(jī)械化進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。作為農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務(wù)體系中重要的有機(jī)組成部分，農(nóng)機(jī)合作社可以說是鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略實施過程中實現(xiàn)小農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)業(yè)全面現(xiàn)代化有機(jī)銜接的必要載體。

 
　　日前，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部在浙江寧波召開了全國農(nóng)機(jī)社會化服務(wù)提檔升級現(xiàn)場會。會議指出，2017年我國農(nóng)機(jī)專業(yè)戶超過500萬個，鄉(xiāng)村農(nóng)機(jī)從業(yè)人員5128萬人。農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)服務(wù)組織18.7萬個，比2013年增長了1.9萬個，全國農(nóng)機(jī)社會化服務(wù)面積超過42億畝次。在全國，已初步形成了以農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)服務(wù)為主，以技術(shù)推廣、技能培訓(xùn)、機(jī)具維修、信息服務(wù)等為支撐的農(nóng)機(jī)社會化服務(wù)體系。
 
　　同時，會議提出，各地要以發(fā)展多樣化高質(zhì)量農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)為目標(biāo)，以提高農(nóng)機(jī)利用效率、經(jīng)營效益為核心，以組織、機(jī)制創(chuàng)新為動力，以推進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合、機(jī)械化信息化融合、農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)模式與農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)營融合為重點(diǎn)，培育發(fā)展各類農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)新主體、新模式、新業(yè)態(tài)，推進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)向農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)全過程、全產(chǎn)業(yè)和農(nóng)村生態(tài)、農(nóng)民生活服務(wù)領(lǐng)域延伸。力爭通過5年左右的發(fā)展，基本形成總量適宜、布局合理、經(jīng)濟(jì)便捷、專業(yè)的農(nóng)機(jī)社會化服務(wù)體系。
 
　　當(dāng)前，農(nóng)機(jī)合作社在國家相關(guān)政策的支持下呈現(xiàn)出數(shù)量較快增加、能力明顯增強(qiáng)、管理不斷規(guī)范的良好發(fā)展趨勢，已成為農(nóng)業(yè)全程全面機(jī)械化的主力軍。
 
　　農(nóng)機(jī)合作社—農(nóng)機(jī)需求購買者的中堅力量
 
　　前幾年，農(nóng)機(jī)需求購買者的中堅力量、主力軍是種田大戶、農(nóng)機(jī)經(jīng)營戶以及中小規(guī)模農(nóng)機(jī)合作社，而從近幾年來農(nóng)機(jī)市場銷售情況分析，這批購買力的農(nóng)機(jī)儲存量已基本達(dá)到飽和，普遍處于購買新機(jī)的停滯期，而新晉的新型農(nóng)機(jī)合作社則仍然保持著一定需求購置計劃并繼續(xù)投入資金購買新農(nóng)機(jī)。他們是當(dāng)前農(nóng)機(jī)需求市場的重點(diǎn)力量，特別是各地承擔(dān)農(nóng)機(jī)合作社農(nóng)機(jī)裝備項目中的合作社，他們堅持立足農(nóng)機(jī)，服務(wù)農(nóng)業(yè)，有比較長遠(yuǎn)的發(fā)展計劃。這些正在形成或壯大的合作社將帶動農(nóng)機(jī)市場的小幅度繁榮，為平靜的湖水注入新鮮的生命力。
 
　　農(nóng)機(jī)合作社—推動智慧農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展
 
　　農(nóng)機(jī)合作社作為農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展的主力軍，也是智能農(nóng)機(jī)的使用者和智慧農(nóng)場建設(shè)的*。無論是在規(guī)模上還是資金上，合作社都要優(yōu)先于個體農(nóng)戶，因此，農(nóng)機(jī)合作社更易于接受、使用先進(jìn)的智能農(nóng)機(jī)，這對推動我國智慧農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有著重要作用。
 
　　以河北省為例，今年河北省財政投入2000萬元在全省創(chuàng)建8個全程機(jī)械化示范縣(市)，打造18個基于北斗系統(tǒng)、農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝和信息化深度融合的農(nóng)機(jī)合作社“智慧農(nóng)場”。這些農(nóng)機(jī)合作社“智慧農(nóng)場”在解決全程機(jī)械化的技術(shù)手段上，集成運(yùn)用了地理信息、導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星定位導(dǎo)航、遙感、監(jiān)測技術(shù)等現(xiàn)代化的科學(xué)技術(shù)。在補(bǔ)“短板”上，引進(jìn)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)變量作業(yè)技術(shù)，在施藥、施肥、高速精播、節(jié)水灌溉4大作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)開展試驗示范；在破“瓶頸”上，推進(jìn)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”+農(nóng)機(jī)裝備，引入全程機(jī)械化變量物聯(lián)網(wǎng)監(jiān)測和農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)管理服務(wù)系統(tǒng)，改變了機(jī)械化農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的生產(chǎn)方式和管理方式；在強(qiáng)“弱項”上，從聯(lián)合耕整地、玉米青貯、玉米籽粒收獲、烘干、產(chǎn)后初加工等薄弱環(huán)節(jié)開展試驗和示范，拉長了作業(yè)鏈。“智慧農(nóng)場”為發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)提供了裝備支撐。
 
　　農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼向農(nóng)機(jī)合作社傾斜
 
　　*，農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策在我國農(nóng)業(yè)全程全面機(jī)械化進(jìn)程中發(fā)揮了不可磨滅的作用。近年來，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部持續(xù)在農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策上對農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)組織予以傾斜，支持將農(nóng)機(jī)合作社作為優(yōu)先補(bǔ)貼對象，并鼓勵地方通過購買服務(wù)等方式，支持農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)組織優(yōu)先承擔(dān)農(nóng)機(jī)深松整地、全程機(jī)械化示范等項目，為當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民提供高質(zhì)量的公益化、社會化服務(wù)。

　　農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部表示：國家高度重視綜合農(nóng)事服務(wù)組織建設(shè)，今后將繼續(xù)在農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策上向農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)組織予以傾斜。可以預(yù)見，這將進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)全國農(nóng)機(jī)合作社的發(fā)展壯大，而反過來，合作社的發(fā)展也促使農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策落到實處，真正地強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)。在鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略實施大背景下，農(nóng)機(jī)合作社發(fā)展正當(dāng)時。

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