人才爭奪戰(zhàn)如火如荼，農(nóng)村人才都去哪兒了？

2018-05-22 08:36:19 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：46184 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 編輯視角】2018年上半年，各大城市紛紛出臺各項政策降低落戶門檻以此吸引人才。繼南京、武漢、成都、西安、長沙等省會城市之后，天津5月16日也正式發(fā)布了新版人才引進政策——“海河英才”行動計劃，進一步降低落戶條件。政策出臺后僅一天之內(nèi)就有30萬人下載辦理落戶申請，各大城市的人才爭奪戰(zhàn)進行的如火如荼。殊不知，缺人才的不只是城市，農(nóng)村更甚。
 
　　必須承認，隨著各大城市持續(xù)推進產(chǎn)業(yè)轉型升級，新增就業(yè)崗位增多，使得人才需求量加大。然而另一方面，近年來農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化步伐也在加快，新型農(nóng)村發(fā)展迅速，尤其是今年鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的提出與實施，未來幾年內(nèi)我國廣大農(nóng)村必將出現(xiàn)一個全新的面貌。與此同時，農(nóng)村人才的短缺也是亟待解決的重要問題，農(nóng)村與城市之間也要來一場“人才爭奪戰(zhàn)”。

 
　　農(nóng)村人才都去哪兒了？
 
　　在上世紀末本世紀初，在工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展下，農(nóng)村人口大量向城鎮(zhèn)特別是大城市轉移，導致農(nóng)村空心化問題日益嚴重并延續(xù)至今，甚至進一步演化為人口、土地、技術、產(chǎn)業(yè)、服務、文化和公共設施整體空心化，這一現(xiàn)象嚴重制約了農(nóng)村、農(nóng)業(yè)的建設及良性發(fā)展。我國作為農(nóng)業(yè)大國和人口大國，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村為城市提供著基本的糧食需求，沒有農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村的振興，沒有糧食安全這條底線，一切振興與發(fā)展的藍圖，都將是沒有根基的空中樓閣。
 
　　農(nóng)民是農(nóng)村的主體，也是種地的主體。一方面，農(nóng)村大量青壯年進城務工，留下老人和小孩無力種地，導致土地閑置。“50后種不動地，60后種不好地，70后不愿種地，80后不會種地，90后不談種地”這一說法雖然夸張，但卻在一定程度上反映了當前農(nóng)村的普遍現(xiàn)狀；另一方面，農(nóng)村人口受教育程度越來越高，據(jù)統(tǒng)計，農(nóng)村大學生在全國高校錄取比例超過50%，然而，畢業(yè)的農(nóng)村大學生絕大部分選擇留在城市發(fā)展。殊不知，相比城市，農(nóng)村更需要大量高學歷的技術型人才來發(fā)光發(fā)熱。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化需要人才
 
　　目前我國正處于傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)向現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)轉型的關鍵時期，而完善的農(nóng)業(yè)裝備水平是農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的重要標志，隨著農(nóng)業(yè)全程機械化的不斷普及，大量先進農(nóng)業(yè)科學技術、率農(nóng)業(yè)設施裝備越來越多地被引入到農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的各個領域，農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化迫切需要高素質的職業(yè)化農(nóng)民和高技能人才。
 
　　除此之外，隨著我國現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展進程的加快，農(nóng)業(yè)朝著規(guī)?；C械化、集約化的方向發(fā)展，無論是農(nóng)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營、農(nóng)機的研發(fā)使用、農(nóng)技的示范推廣、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的加工包裝，都急需一大批高技能的專業(yè)型人才。與城市相比，農(nóng)業(yè)領域對于高技能人才的需求，顯得更為迫切。
 
　　人才從哪里來？
 
　　加大政策力度，培育新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民是解決農(nóng)村空心化、實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的必然出路。5月16日—17日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部在河南商丘舉行全國新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育管理培訓班暨農(nóng)民教育培訓工作現(xiàn)場會，會議總結交流了近年來新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育工作經(jīng)驗成效，研究分析了實施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的新形勢新要求，部署了新時代新起點上新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民培育重點工作，全面推進鄉(xiāng)村人才振興。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部副部長張?zhí)伊直硎?，中央財政將繼續(xù)安排補助資金20億元，培育新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民100萬人以上。
 
　　另一方面，重視農(nóng)業(yè)高校，鼓勵支持農(nóng)業(yè)高校發(fā)揮優(yōu)勢，培養(yǎng)鄉(xiāng)村振興專業(yè)人才，讓更多高素質農(nóng)科人才為鄉(xiāng)村振興提供智力支持。今年各大城市“搶人戰(zhàn)”在一定程度上反映出大都市大量高校人才積壓，而廣大農(nóng)村卻人才匱乏嚴重，要改變這一現(xiàn)狀，還需國家完善引導人才流動的頂層設計，創(chuàng)新用人機制，增強基層人才的獲得感和成就感，鼓勵高校人才在農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村建設中貢獻自己的力量。
 
　　本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(epigene.com.cn)原創(chuàng)，轉載請注明出處。
 
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