“糧改飼”改革改了些什么？

2018-01-25 16:58:21 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 閱讀量：29252 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】 糧改飼是農(nóng)業(yè)部開展的以落實國家農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結構性改革以及促進農(nóng)業(yè)結構調(diào)整的一項改革政策，自2015年開始實施，2017年將試點范圍將擴大到整個“鐮刀彎”地區(qū)和黃淮海玉米主產(chǎn)區(qū)的17個省區(qū)，目標任務增加到600萬畝，“糧改飼”政策實施的這兩年來，有哪些變化呢？
 
　　促農(nóng)增收  鼓起農(nóng)民錢袋子
 
　　“變廢為寶，美化環(huán)境，同時還能鼓起老百姓的錢袋子。”這樣的好事兒就發(fā)生在臨夏州廣河縣。
 
　　記者獲悉，之前廣河縣全膜玉米平均畝產(chǎn)830多公斤，每畝地收入多只有1000多元。近兩年，廣河縣依托豐富的玉米秸稈資源，大力實施畜牧養(yǎng)殖增收工程，全縣牛存欄達10.5萬頭，羊存欄達120萬只，但秸稈綜合利用率不高、飼草供給不足的問題還是比較突出。
 
　　為了充分解決好這個突出問題，廣河縣全力調(diào)整種植結構、實施糧改飼，把糧改飼作為推動農(nóng)村“三變”改革的重要舉措，堅持以脫貧攻堅為統(tǒng)攬，按照“政府推動、企業(yè)帶動、農(nóng)戶聯(lián)動、市場互動”的思路，探索出了一條“種養(yǎng)結合、以種帶養(yǎng)、以養(yǎng)促加、增收脫貧”的產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧新路子，著力促進農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)增效、貧困群眾增收、農(nóng)村生態(tài)增值。
 
　　廣河縣農(nóng)牧局局長馬進福介紹，目前，全縣完成飼草加工有9萬畝、31萬噸，其中流轉(zhuǎn)、訂單全貯玉米3.6萬畝、加工全貯飼料18萬噸，加工黃貯飼料5.4萬畝、13萬噸。
 
　　記者得知，目前“糧改飼”的飼料主要分為青貯和黃貯兩種，青貯是秸稈和玉米一起打成飼料，每噸的價格750元左右；黃貯是掰完玉米后，將玉米秸稈打成飼料，每噸的價格是450元左右。
 
　　全縣大力推進糧改飼，培育起了一大批成功的企業(yè)，形成了一套成熟的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展模式，解決了勞動力短缺和貧苦戶的生存問題，還改善了生態(tài)環(huán)境，讓農(nóng)民的錢袋子鼓了起來，可謂一舉多得。
 
　　畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展生機勃勃
 
　　開展“糧改飼”改革是為了將單純的糧倉變?yōu)?ldquo;糧倉+奶罐+肉庫”，將糧食、經(jīng)濟作物的二元結構調(diào)整為糧食、經(jīng)濟、飼料作物的三元結構，重點是調(diào)整玉米種植結構，大規(guī)模發(fā)展適應于肉牛、肉羊、奶牛等草食畜牧業(yè)需求的青貯玉米。“糧改飼”實施以來，實踐證明，奶牛更喜歡吃青貯飼料，產(chǎn)奶量和奶質(zhì)都有所提高。
 
　　說起糧改飼的好處，許多農(nóng)牧民贊不絕口。“全株青貯玉米飼料，是性價比好的飼料、養(yǎng)牛合適的飼料。”定州市棚大肉牛養(yǎng)殖場經(jīng)理張進鋼說，當前肉牛價格低，為降低養(yǎng)殖成本，“架子牛”飼喂基本上是全株青貯玉米料，其他料用得很少了。實際效果看，這比原來喂的“黃貯+精料”效益好，表現(xiàn)在喂全株青貯玉米料，不比過去的“黃貯+精料”成本高，“架子牛”愛吃全株青貯玉米料，“比過去長肉快，還不怎么生病。”
 
　　“糧改飼”自實施以來，幫助農(nóng)牧民實現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)增收，讓畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展水平與日俱升，這是一項強農(nóng)惠農(nóng)的利民政策，對調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)結構、改善農(nóng)牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)狀況、提升我國農(nóng)牧業(yè)整體水平具有現(xiàn)實意義。
 

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