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2017年兩會視角：聚焦六大農(nóng)業(yè)關(guān)鍵詞

2017-03-07 16:58:29 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 閱讀量：22213 評論

導(dǎo)讀：草長鶯飛，大地回暖。政協(xié)第十二屆全國委員會第五次會議和第十二屆全國人民代表大會第五次會議，分別于3月3日和3月5日在北京開幕。在今年的兩會中，農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)改革依舊備受矚目，諸多代表都對我國農(nóng)業(yè)問題獻計獻策，農(nóng)業(yè)成兩會重點關(guān)注領(lǐng)域之一。

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】草長鶯飛，大地回暖。政協(xié)第十二屆全國委員會第五次會議和第十二屆全國人民代表大會第五次會議，分別于3月3日和3月5日在北京開幕。在今年的兩會中，農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)改革依舊備受矚目，諸多代表都對我國農(nóng)業(yè)問題獻計獻策，農(nóng)業(yè)成兩會重點關(guān)注領(lǐng)域之一。

 
　　關(guān)鍵詞一：農(nóng)業(yè)保險
 
　　政府工作報告提出，2017年在13個糧食主產(chǎn)省選擇部分縣市，對適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營農(nóng)戶實施大災(zāi)保險，調(diào)整部分財政救災(zāi)資金予以支持，提高保險理賠標準，完善農(nóng)業(yè)再保險體系，以持續(xù)穩(wěn)健的農(nóng)業(yè)保險助力現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展。
 
　　代表建議：據(jù)統(tǒng)計，農(nóng)業(yè)保險目前共有190多個險種，近800個保險產(chǎn)品。“無論是保障民生，還是發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)，都必須重視農(nóng)險的配套作用。”全國人大代表、山東省聊城市人大常委會副主任孫菁說。來自茂名的全國人大代表李瑞偉也認為，強調(diào)農(nóng)業(yè)保險的重要性是工作報告的一大亮點。他表示,農(nóng)業(yè)保險賠付標準低,影響了農(nóng)戶參保的積極性。建議政府出臺配套政策，降低保費,提高覆蓋面。
 
　　關(guān)鍵詞二：種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)
 
　　政府工作報告中指出，要推進農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民根據(jù)市場需求發(fā)展生產(chǎn)，這從根本上為促進農(nóng)業(yè)增效農(nóng)民增收指明了方向。“兩會”期間，代表委員對在農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革中占有重要地位的種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整進行了深入思考，并積極建言獻策。
 
　　代表建議：調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)要尊重農(nóng)民意愿，以引導(dǎo)為主。全國政協(xié)委員、中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)校長柯炳生說：“到底是種玉米還是種大豆，還是種水稻，終生產(chǎn)權(quán)利還是在農(nóng)民手里。農(nóng)民肯定要根據(jù)地區(qū)的比較優(yōu)勢來決定種什么作物，后還要根據(jù)市場收益情況，通過價格和成本來選擇不同的作物。市場經(jīng)濟條件下，政府不能強制讓農(nóng)民種什么或者不種什么，只能是引導(dǎo)性的。”
 
　　關(guān)鍵詞三：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+農(nóng)業(yè)
 
　　政府工作報告指出，深入推進農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，完善強農(nóng)惠農(nóng)政策，拓展農(nóng)民就業(yè)增收渠道，保障國家糧食安全，推動農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化與新型城鎮(zhèn)化互促共進，加快培育農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展新動能。
 
　　代表建議：在陳錫文看來，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”是農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的重要推手，依靠農(nóng)村電商、農(nóng)業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)等現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)，改造傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式和商業(yè)模式，可有效補齊我國農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的短板。
 
　　關(guān)鍵詞四：“三權(quán)分置”
 
　　政府報告中指出，要完善農(nóng)村土地“三權(quán)分置”辦法，建立貧困退出機制。
 
　　代表建議：全國政協(xié)委員、國家發(fā)改委原副主任杜鷹對農(nóng)村土地三權(quán)分置發(fā)表了見解。杜鷹認為，中國人多地少，所以家庭承包、家庭經(jīng)營以后，每戶的經(jīng)營面積都很小，這不能適應(yīng)我們現(xiàn)在的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展狀況，因為有些技術(shù)、基建是以一定的土地經(jīng)營規(guī)模為前提條件的，也就是需要擴大農(nóng)業(yè)的經(jīng)營規(guī)模。擴大土地經(jīng)營規(guī)模就需要農(nóng)戶從集體那里承包的土地拿到承包經(jīng)營權(quán)，把它再度分離成承包權(quán)和經(jīng)營權(quán)。土地的經(jīng)營規(guī)模擴大以后，一些農(nóng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化手段才能用得上，才能朝著現(xiàn)在的農(nóng)業(yè)方向走。杜鷹說：“首先，土地要確權(quán)。第二，要規(guī)范流轉(zhuǎn)。在流轉(zhuǎn)過程中，是否要搞合同，轉(zhuǎn)讓費是多少，轉(zhuǎn)讓的期限是多少，用什么形式，這些都要簽協(xié)議。一旦產(chǎn)生糾紛，又應(yīng)該如何處理？這就需要有仲裁的機構(gòu)，這一套制度都要建立起來。”
 
　　關(guān)鍵詞五：耕地保護
 
　　耕地保護是保障糧食安全的前提和基礎(chǔ)，是事關(guān)經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展、國家安全穩(wěn)定和民生福祉的性、綜合性戰(zhàn)略問題。節(jié)約利用資源，保護好耕地，是政府工作報告中明確的任務(wù)，也是代表委員們熱切關(guān)注的問題。
 
　　代表建議：我國是有12億多人口的大國，人均占有的耕地面積僅1.59畝，只占世界人均耕地的44%。而且隨著人口的不斷增加，人均耕地在未來相當(dāng)長的時期內(nèi)還會進一步減少。來自東北的全國政協(xié)委員、營口市副市長高煒帶來的是一份關(guān)于制定“耕地保護法”的建議。他提出，當(dāng)前迫切需要制定一部符合中國國情的耕地保護專項法律，讓耕地保護的法律武器更、更有威力。
 
　　關(guān)鍵詞六：農(nóng)機化
 
　　當(dāng)前，我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)已經(jīng)全面進入機械化作業(yè)為主的新階段，農(nóng)業(yè)機械化滲入農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的方方面面，融入到農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的廣泛領(lǐng)域。農(nóng)業(yè)機械化要著力推進農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，堅持創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動，加強農(nóng)機與農(nóng)藝、適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營、信息化及生產(chǎn)資料的深度融合，為農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展提供有力支撐。
 
　　代表建議：全國人大代表、中國一拖集團董事長趙剡水建議：一是繼續(xù)加大各類農(nóng)業(yè)裝備產(chǎn)品的宣傳、推廣力度，優(yōu)化購置信貸業(yè)務(wù)，強化售后服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。二是發(fā)揮購置補貼政策的引導(dǎo)和促進作用，改進、完善農(nóng)機購置補貼政策，建立長久有效的農(nóng)機購置補貼機制，加大對農(nóng)業(yè)裝備產(chǎn)品的補貼力度，充分調(diào)動我國農(nóng)戶購置、使用農(nóng)業(yè)裝備產(chǎn)品的積極性，為加快我國由“農(nóng)機大國”向“農(nóng)機強國”的轉(zhuǎn)變，提供國家政策層面上的支持和保障。
 
　　結(jié)語：我國是農(nóng)業(yè)大國，農(nóng)業(yè)一直以來都是國家發(fā)展的重點。目前，農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革要解決缺人、缺錢、缺技術(shù)的問題，必須用發(fā)展工業(yè)的決心和理念來發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)，加大力度調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)種植結(jié)構(gòu)，盤活土地資源，依靠科技創(chuàng)新增加活力，由農(nóng)業(yè)大國轉(zhuǎn)變成農(nóng)業(yè)強國。

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