“農(nóng)殘”標準升級 植保機械莫錯過良機

2017-02-24 11:07:44 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 閱讀量：46443 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 本站原創(chuàng)】“民以食為天，食以質(zhì)為先”，隨著人們生活水平的不斷提高及健康意識的增強，食品安全問題一直關(guān)注度高的話題。2016年，我國主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品例行監(jiān)測總體合格率為97.5%，同比上升0.4個百分點，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全保持穩(wěn)中向好態(tài)勢。
 
　　但與此同時，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全問題隱患依然存在，化學(xué)性污染，尤其農(nóng)藥殘留是造成農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全隱患的主要原因之一。如何從源頭上控制污染？改變舊的植保理念，建立新的植保模式已成為今后我國農(nóng)業(yè)健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要方向。
 
　　“農(nóng)殘”標準升級 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量要求顯著提升
 
　　保障農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全，落實農(nóng)藥化肥“零增長”是關(guān)鍵。2017年中央一號文件繼續(xù)推動農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)改革，聚焦“三農(nóng)”。在這一輪農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)改革中，突出、重要的是解決綠色、安全和放心問題。
 
　　自2010年以來，農(nóng)業(yè)部組織制定了387種農(nóng)藥的殘留限量標準5450項，涉及284種農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。同時，還制定了《食品中農(nóng)藥殘留風(fēng)險評估指南》、《食品中農(nóng)藥大殘留限量制定指南》和《農(nóng)藥每日允許攝入量制定指南》等技術(shù)規(guī)范。治理“農(nóng)殘”，順應(yīng)百姓對安全農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的新期待。今年2月8日，國務(wù)院常務(wù)會議通過《農(nóng)藥管理條例(修訂草案)》，圍繞保障農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全，將原由多部門負責(zé)的農(nóng)藥生產(chǎn)管理職責(zé)統(tǒng)一劃歸農(nóng)業(yè)部門，“農(nóng)殘”標準得到進一步升級。
 
　　顯然，隨著人們對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品要求的不斷提升，國家也在不斷努力中。要想解決農(nóng)殘問題，光是制定標準還不夠，需要從源頭治理。
 
　　農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全與植保技術(shù)息息相關(guān)
 
　　農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的農(nóng)藥殘留是造成農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全的主要原因，而農(nóng)藥的殘留與農(nóng)作物植保方式息息相關(guān)，主要表現(xiàn)在兩個方面。
 
　　，植保技術(shù)使用不當(dāng)。在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，由于病蟲害的威脅，實施植保措施有利于保證農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量，但是為使效果更佳，人們往往會超標實施化肥農(nóng)藥，這樣即使讓農(nóng)產(chǎn)品獲得相當(dāng)程度的高產(chǎn)，同時也給病蟲害再次侵染創(chuàng)造了有利條件；第二，植保技術(shù)不成熟。目前，在我國很多地區(qū)仍以人工施藥為主，每畝打多少、如何分配比例依然難以把握。傳統(tǒng)的植保方式與農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全之間的矛盾越來越突出，如何改變這種現(xiàn)狀，引發(fā)大家的深思。
 
　　響應(yīng)農(nóng)藥化肥“零增長”號召 植保機械迎接新機遇
　　
　　植保是農(nóng)業(yè)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)的主要措施，也是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品安全的技術(shù)保障。為響應(yīng)農(nóng)藥化肥“零增長”號召，我國諸多地區(qū)利用農(nóng)機購置補貼等政策和重大病蟲統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治等項目，扶持社會化服務(wù)組織，引進新型植保機械，開展統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治，減少盲目施藥、重復(fù)施藥，提高農(nóng)藥利用率。這種方式有效的緩解了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全與傳統(tǒng)植保的矛盾，同時也增加了植保機械的市場需求，給植保機械發(fā)展帶來新機遇。
 
　　預(yù)計未來，各種新型植保機械，如自走式噴桿噴霧機、大型風(fēng)送彌霧機等將成為主要施藥機械，特別是在玉米、小麥、馬鈴薯、大豆、向日葵等主要作物種植區(qū)，使用幾率不斷擴大。植保無人機作業(yè)面積也將逐年增加，尤其在水稻田病害防治上所占比重將越來越大，植保機械需求浪潮即將再度涌來。
 
　　結(jié)語：農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全關(guān)乎國家民生，在新形勢下，改變傳統(tǒng)植保模式，運用植保機械可以有效解決農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)過程中的病蟲害防治難題，顯著降低化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的使用量，避免農(nóng)產(chǎn)品中的農(nóng)藥殘留量超標，從而提升農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全水平，打造“舌尖上的安全”。

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