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什么才是實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)藥大減量的秘密武器?

2018-09-06 16:36:43 來(lái)源:中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:50896 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:從“十三五”開始,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部大力開展化肥農(nóng)藥使用量零增長(zhǎng)行動(dòng)以來(lái),我國(guó)的化肥、農(nóng)藥使用總量均已呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),提前實(shí)現(xiàn)了到2020年化肥、農(nóng)藥使用量零增長(zhǎng)的目標(biāo)。其中,我國(guó)主要農(nóng)作物病蟲害綠色防控覆蓋率達(dá)到25.2%,農(nóng)藥使用量連續(xù)幾年下降,且目前主要糧食作物農(nóng)藥利用率為36.6%,比2013年提高了1.6個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

  【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 從“十三五”開始,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部大力開展化肥農(nóng)藥使用量零增長(zhǎng)行動(dòng)以來(lái),我國(guó)的化肥、農(nóng)藥使用總量均已呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),提前實(shí)現(xiàn)了到2020年化肥、農(nóng)藥使用量零增長(zhǎng)的目標(biāo)。其中,我國(guó)主要農(nóng)作物病蟲害綠色防控覆蓋率達(dá)到25.2%,農(nóng)藥使用量連續(xù)幾年下降,且目前主要糧食作物農(nóng)藥利用率為36.6%,比2013年提高了1.6個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
 
  在我國(guó)農(nóng)藥使用量逐年減量的前提下,糧食產(chǎn)量卻逐年豐收,這與近年來(lái)迅速發(fā)展的植保機(jī)械有著很大的關(guān)系,其中大型的地面植保裝備——植保噴霧機(jī)功勞顯著。
 
  噴桿噴霧機(jī)——大型農(nóng)田植保的“御前侍衛(wèi)”
 
  噴霧機(jī)按施用對(duì)象大體可以分為田間植保噴霧機(jī)和果園噴霧機(jī),其中田間植保噴霧機(jī)以噴桿式噴霧機(jī)為主流,又細(xì)分為自走式、牽引式和懸掛式。
 
  自走式噴桿噴霧機(jī)具有機(jī)動(dòng)性和方便性好、作業(yè)效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),與拖拉機(jī)配套機(jī)具相比,離地間隙較高,能滿足棉花、大豆、油菜和玉米等作物生長(zhǎng)中后期的病蟲害防治需要。隨著農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展和生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式的規(guī)?;l(fā)展,自走式噴桿噴霧機(jī)的前景廣闊,目前主要在國(guó)有農(nóng)場(chǎng)和大型農(nóng)機(jī)合作社應(yīng)用較多;牽引式和懸掛式噴桿噴霧機(jī)移動(dòng)方便、噴幅寬、噴灑均勻、效率高,是一種理想的大田作物植保機(jī)械,在東北地區(qū)被廣泛使用。

  總的來(lái)說,大型噴桿噴霧機(jī)效率高,每天可作業(yè)千余畝地,更適合大面積平原地區(qū)。尤其東北地區(qū)作為我國(guó)的重要糧倉(cāng),地域廣闊、氣候類型多樣,耕地面積4.65億畝,占全國(guó)耕地面積的22.9%。噴桿噴霧機(jī)是東北地區(qū)理想的大田作物植保機(jī)械,因此,在東北地區(qū)地區(qū)有著廣闊的市場(chǎng)前景。
 
  技術(shù)落后二、三十年——向農(nóng)業(yè)靠攏
 
  中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)藥械與施藥技術(shù)研究中心主任、中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)何雄奎教授曾坦言,我國(guó)噴桿式噴霧機(jī)和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比現(xiàn)狀并不樂觀,至少落后20~30年,主要是缺乏相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與技術(shù)作業(yè)規(guī)范,達(dá)不到歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家每一臺(tái)噴桿噴霧機(jī)都能實(shí)現(xiàn)智能電控自動(dòng)化作業(yè)的要求。何雄奎解釋,從整體上來(lái)講,我國(guó)植保機(jī)械性能和施藥技術(shù)水平落后,無(wú)法滿足當(dāng)今農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和環(huán)境保護(hù)的要求,還需要進(jìn)一步努力才能趕上發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家水平。
 
  據(jù)了解,歐洲發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的噴桿式噴霧機(jī)每臺(tái)機(jī)器上都安裝了控制系統(tǒng),而且藥和水的配比是有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可循的,這樣可以實(shí)現(xiàn)均勻施藥、變量施藥,真正做到“農(nóng)業(yè)”。近年來(lái),我國(guó)植保噴霧機(jī)械發(fā)展的主要成就還是將農(nóng)民從費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力的人工打藥作業(yè)中解放了出來(lái),而未達(dá)到“作業(yè)”。
 
  當(dāng)前,為適應(yīng)我國(guó)農(nóng)藥“減量提效”的綠色農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展目標(biāo),我國(guó)植保機(jī)械應(yīng)從減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、提高作業(yè)效率向更加的方向發(fā)展,這也順應(yīng)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)向農(nóng)業(yè)、智慧農(nóng)業(yè)方向發(fā)展的目標(biāo)。
 
  末尾小彩蛋
 
  植保噴霧機(jī)和植保無(wú)人機(jī)打起來(lái)啦!兩機(jī)相爭(zhēng),你pick誰(shuí)? 戳鏈接→農(nóng)用植保領(lǐng)域的無(wú)人機(jī)和噴霧機(jī),你pick哪種?
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