當農(nóng)機擁有“頭腦” 智慧農(nóng)業(yè)大行其道

2016-08-29 15:56:46 來源：中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 閱讀量：16117 評論

　　【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 行業(yè)要聞】一直以來，我國的農(nóng)機發(fā)展都是以更好適應(yīng)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)為目標，進而不斷淘汰更新?，F(xiàn)如今，隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為背景的智慧農(nóng)業(yè)大行其道，遠程控制操作更是手到擒來。為促使智慧農(nóng)業(yè)進一步發(fā)展，農(nóng)機也需要“頭腦”做武裝。
　　
　　當農(nóng)機“傍上”北斗
　　
　　俗話說：是人難免有出錯的時候，人又不同于與機器，設(shè)定一個專屬程序，就可以消除誤差，所以人工進行的農(nóng)機作業(yè)往往誤差大，率低，從而使農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率降低。于是農(nóng)機“盯上”了北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，以提升作業(yè)技能。
　　
　當農(nóng)機擁有“頭腦” 智慧農(nóng)業(yè)大行其道　

        北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)是由我國自主研發(fā)的衛(wèi)星定位與通信系統(tǒng)。2012年底我國北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航區(qū)域系統(tǒng)衛(wèi)星組網(wǎng)完成，衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域不斷擴大，應(yīng)用層次不斷深入，近年來在國家的大力支持下，北斗在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)從單純提供定位信息，發(fā)展成為將衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航定位與液壓控制、電子控制以及傳感器技術(shù)相結(jié)合，進而實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)作業(yè)的全程自動化。
　　
　　在新疆，北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)使用在拖拉機上，農(nóng)機可同時實現(xiàn)鋪膜、播種、鋪管三合一的棉田作業(yè)，且旱、水田都可正常作業(yè)，完成了人工不可能完成的工作，真正實現(xiàn)了益生產(chǎn)。所以，有了“北斗”這棵大樹，農(nóng)機還真就“好乘涼”了。
　　
　　當然室外農(nóng)機作業(yè)有北斗助陣，室內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)更是智慧不小。
　　
　　當溫室大棚“牽手”互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
　　
　　作為農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的前沿重點，農(nóng)業(yè)信息化是農(nóng)業(yè)邁入更高發(fā)展階段的重要推手?，F(xiàn)如今互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速，給各個領(lǐng)域帶來不小的沖擊，更是在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域刮起一股旋風。手機或鼠標輕輕一點，智能大棚里的溫度、光照、土壤含水量等實時信息盡收眼底，這讓農(nóng)業(yè)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的結(jié)合喜聞樂見。
　　
　　在南昌縣黃馬鄉(xiāng)的江西省鳳凰溝現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)展示館里，它是一個四季如春的智能溫室大棚。雖然大棚總占地面積5000平方米，里面種著各種各樣的花木果蔬，但整個大棚卻只有一個管理員，而這個管理員只負責清理田間枯黃的莖葉、疏通被堵塞的滴灌管道。展示館內(nèi)的溫濕度調(diào)控及施肥澆水等所有操作指令，全部可由在“千里之外”與監(jiān)測探頭相連的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)終端管理員發(fā)出，完全實現(xiàn)了遠程監(jiān)控管理，讓農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)做到“一鍵到位”。
　　
　　互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓溫室大棚“活”了，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)邁入了新的階段。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域總是驚喜不斷，連機器人也開始務(wù)農(nóng)了。
　　
　　未來農(nóng)業(yè)新變革：機器人＋ 農(nóng)業(yè)
　　
　　在人工智能技術(shù)逐漸崛起的今天，機器人已經(jīng)進入到各行各業(yè)，還有什么是機器人無法替代的？在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，機器人與人類的“較量”也開始了。“機器人＋”農(nóng)業(yè)，將給農(nóng)業(yè)帶來一場新的變革。
　　
　　農(nóng)業(yè)機器人主要以機器人技術(shù)為支撐，將信息技術(shù)進行綜合集成，集感知、傳輸、控制、作業(yè)為一體，將農(nóng)業(yè)的標準化、規(guī)范化大大向前推進了一步，不僅節(jié)省了人力成本，也提高了品質(zhì)控制能力，增強了自然風險抗擊能力。
　　
　　在美國，80%的大農(nóng)場已普及農(nóng)業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)，農(nóng)場主通過高度自動化的大型農(nóng)業(yè)機器人，3個人可完成1萬英畝的土地管理和玉米收割，效率遠遠超越人力。在盛產(chǎn)蘑菇的英國，希爾索農(nóng)機研究所研制出了一款可以高速采摘蘑菇的機器人，它的采摘效率是人工采摘的兩倍，每分鐘可以采摘40個蘑菇。可見，有了機器人，農(nóng)民只需要遙控點一點，剩下的活兒機器人全包了。
　　
　　在各種科學(xué)技術(shù)不斷被開發(fā)的今天，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)離傳統(tǒng)的“面朝黃土背朝天”越來越遠了，大量的人力勞動被機器所取代，就連頭腦都漸漸轉(zhuǎn)化為一道道程序，一個個數(shù)據(jù)?，F(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展離不開規(guī)?；⒒淖鳂I(yè)，當農(nóng)機的“頭腦”越來越清晰，農(nóng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化也將邁上新臺階。
 

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