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【今日大雪節(jié)氣】大雪已至 萬物冬藏待春來

2024-12-06 14:37:31 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：30574 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：在大雪節(jié)氣到來之前，農(nóng)民們需要完成農(nóng)田的整理和儲(chǔ)備工作，為來年春耕做好準(zhǔn)備。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】　今天(12月6日)是二十四節(jié)氣中的大雪節(jié)氣，標(biāo)志著仲冬時(shí)節(jié)開始，也是農(nóng)民農(nóng)事活動(dòng)的最后一搏。在大雪節(jié)氣到來之前，農(nóng)民們需要完成農(nóng)田的整理和儲(chǔ)備工作，為來年春耕做好準(zhǔn)備。
 
　　大雪時(shí)節(jié)，常會(huì)出現(xiàn)降溫、暴雪、凍雨、霧凇、流凌等天氣災(zāi)害。若受凍害，還要及時(shí)松土增肥、蓄水提溫、加強(qiáng)中后期管理，力爭(zhēng)把凍害損失減小到最低限度。
 
　　此時(shí)，北方地區(qū)田間管理已很少，冬小麥已停止生長(zhǎng)，屬農(nóng)閑時(shí)節(jié)，但農(nóng)事活動(dòng)仍然不能放松。要加強(qiáng)冬小麥中耕管理，劃鋤保墑、增溫除草，趁地封凍未牢，抓緊冬耕。
 
　　而在南方地區(qū)，江淮及以南地區(qū)小麥、油菜仍在緩慢生長(zhǎng)，要注意施好肥，為安全越冬和來春生長(zhǎng)打好基礎(chǔ)：
 
　　1、疏苗、補(bǔ)苗對(duì)直播油菜，特別是點(diǎn)播的油菜，由于天氣干旱，播種量偏大，而且出苗不勻，缺苗斷壟比較普遍，對(duì)疙瘩苗要抓緊疏苗，以免苗擠苗，形成弱苗。應(yīng)去小留大，把間掉的苗子栽在缺苗處，補(bǔ)栽時(shí)要帶水，促進(jìn)早成活。
 
　　2、中耕、培土中耕具有增溫、保墑、除草、防病治蟲、疏松土壤，促進(jìn)根系生長(zhǎng)等多種功效。所以，油菜田要勤中耕，多中耕。結(jié)合中耕還要進(jìn)行培土，特別是對(duì)高腳苗更要培土，不僅可以減輕凍害，還可以防止倒伏。注意把高腳部分，特別是根頸全部埋入土中。
 
　　3、追施臘肥油菜追肥以土雜肥為主，結(jié)合冬前最后一次中耕將肥料施于油菜根部，可先追肥，再壅根培土。
 
　　4、覆蓋防凍覆蓋秸稈能夠防凍，抑制雜草生長(zhǎng)，秸稈腐爛后可以改善土壤理化性狀，提高土壤肥力，同時(shí)也改善了環(huán)境。對(duì)直播油菜、晚播油菜還可以覆蓋秸稈，均勻覆蓋在油菜行間。
 
　　5、摘除早苔由于今年秋季溫度偏高，對(duì)早移栽的油菜和春性偏強(qiáng)的品種容易出現(xiàn)早苔現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)及早摘苔。摘苔要選晴天進(jìn)行，摘去生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)，抑制主莖生長(zhǎng)，促進(jìn)分枝生長(zhǎng)。
 
　　6、果樹修剪、封園大部分果樹在冬季進(jìn)入休眠期，仍要進(jìn)行管理、修剪。幼齡樹還應(yīng)做好拉枝作業(yè)，通過冬季修剪,把樹冠培養(yǎng)成合理的豐產(chǎn)樹形。合理的封園能有效地降低果園的病蟲越冬基數(shù)。落葉果樹可在冬季修剪后清除果園枯枝、病葉、僵果、殘葉等。
 
　　7、畜牧農(nóng)事對(duì)畜禽的欄舍進(jìn)行一次全面檢修，以提高舍內(nèi)溫度;不宜喂給冰凍飼料和冷水;牛羊草食動(dòng)物，要適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充精飼料和人工牧草;密切注意疫情，做好畜舍的消毒隔離。
 
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