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酒泉聚集聚力推動機(jī)采棉產(chǎn)業(yè)提質(zhì)增效高質(zhì)量發(fā)展

2024-11-25 09:58:22 來源:甘肅省酒泉市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局 閱讀量:14356 評論

導(dǎo)讀:近年來,酒泉市針對棉花種植受市場影響面積萎縮、產(chǎn)品國內(nèi)外市場競爭力較弱、促農(nóng)增收效果不顯著等實際,大力推廣機(jī)采棉種植新模式,推動機(jī)采棉種植面積持續(xù)擴(kuò)大,2024年達(dá)到27.5萬畝。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機(jī)】 機(jī)采棉是指通過使用機(jī)械采棉設(shè)備取代人工采摘棉花的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式,是促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化、應(yīng)對國際市場挑戰(zhàn)的必由之路,通過推廣機(jī)采棉技術(shù)可以減輕采棉者的勞動強(qiáng)度,緩解拾花期勞動力不足,有效降低棉花生產(chǎn)成本,促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化的發(fā)展。酒泉市棉花種植歷史悠久,技術(shù)成熟,是西北地區(qū)棉花單產(chǎn)較高的地區(qū)之一。由于種植氣候條件穩(wěn)定,加之光熱資源充裕,水土配套程度高,是甘肅省的優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)棉基地。近年來,酒泉市針對棉花種植受市場影響面積萎縮、產(chǎn)品國內(nèi)外市場競爭力較弱、促農(nóng)增收效果不顯著等實際,大力推廣機(jī)采棉種植新模式,推動機(jī)采棉種植面積持續(xù)擴(kuò)大,2024年達(dá)到27.5萬畝,占棉花總播種面積的64%以上,助力棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。
 
  一是持續(xù)增加采棉機(jī)保有數(shù)量,強(qiáng)化農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)保障能力。全市通過實施農(nóng)機(jī)購置與應(yīng)用補(bǔ)貼政策和機(jī)采棉集成技術(shù)示范項目、開展農(nóng)機(jī)裝備提檔升級行動、大力進(jìn)行招商引資等積極措施,支持瓜州縣壟豐智慧農(nóng)業(yè)服務(wù)有限公司、順躍農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社、敦煌市敦川生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有限公司等農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)服務(wù)企業(yè)、合作社及棉花加工公司購置引進(jìn)新疆缽施然、鐵建重工、天鵝股份、江蘇沃得等品牌型號大型采棉機(jī)開展農(nóng)機(jī)社會化作業(yè)服務(wù),通過持續(xù)增加采棉機(jī)保有數(shù)量,增強(qiáng)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備服務(wù)保障能力與水平。目前,全市采棉機(jī)保有量達(dá)到34臺,為推動棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)全鏈條全周期發(fā)展提供了可靠的裝備技術(shù)支撐。
 
  二是開展機(jī)采棉集成技術(shù)示范,提升科技支撐保障水平。酒泉市從新疆引進(jìn)機(jī)采棉集成技術(shù),結(jié)合植棉區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)基本條件,將機(jī)采棉種植模式、棉花品種、膜下滴灌、化控、病蟲防治、脫葉、采收等環(huán)節(jié)的農(nóng)機(jī)、農(nóng)藝配套技術(shù)措施進(jìn)行集成優(yōu)化,通過試驗示范,對機(jī)采棉種植模式、采棉機(jī)和機(jī)采棉播種機(jī)的適應(yīng)性進(jìn)行驗證,探索機(jī)采棉種植模式與酒泉市棉花生產(chǎn)的結(jié)合點,有效提高了機(jī)采棉農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合度,總結(jié)提出了適宜酒泉市特點的棉花生產(chǎn)全過程機(jī)械化作業(yè)技術(shù)模式和機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)程,為酒泉市棉花高產(chǎn)栽培探索了新路子。機(jī)采棉模式與傳統(tǒng)棉花種植相比,節(jié)本增效十分明顯,機(jī)采棉每畝地減少成本599元,同時機(jī)采棉增加了棉花產(chǎn)量,經(jīng)測算,機(jī)采棉種植模式種植的棉花和傳統(tǒng)棉花種植相比,機(jī)采棉每畝最少增產(chǎn)70公斤,純收入每畝增加525元。兩項合計,機(jī)采棉種植模式種植的棉花和傳統(tǒng)棉花種植相比,機(jī)采棉每畝地增加純收入1124元。
 
  三是支持棉花生產(chǎn)機(jī)械自主創(chuàng)新,強(qiáng)化采棉機(jī)國產(chǎn)替代。采棉機(jī)是棉花種植全程機(jī)械化中技術(shù)性最強(qiáng)、行業(yè)壁壘最高的農(nóng)機(jī)裝備類型,采棉機(jī)的發(fā)展水平?jīng)Q定了棉花種植全程機(jī)械化的發(fā)展好壞。2014年,甘肅首臺大型采棉機(jī)落戶酒泉,結(jié)束了我省沒有大型棉花采收機(jī)械的歷史,該臺采棉機(jī)為美國約翰迪爾7760型打包式摘棉機(jī),此后,酒泉市又購置引進(jìn)約翰迪爾9970型打包式摘棉機(jī),進(jìn)口采棉機(jī)一度主導(dǎo)全市棉花收獲作業(yè)市場。近年來,酒泉市通過政策宣傳引導(dǎo),多舉措發(fā)揮國產(chǎn)采棉機(jī)日趨完善的技術(shù)性能和實惠的價格優(yōu)勢,減輕農(nóng)民群眾和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)組織購機(jī)資金壓力,加快國產(chǎn)替代進(jìn)口步伐,加速機(jī)采棉技術(shù)推廣應(yīng)用步伐。目前,全市擁有的大型采棉機(jī)均為新疆缽施然、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)裝、鐵建重工等國產(chǎn)品牌,國產(chǎn)化率達(dá)到100%,據(jù)瓜州、敦煌等地用戶反映,國產(chǎn)采棉機(jī)作業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率高、可靠性穩(wěn)定,完全能夠滿足棉花機(jī)械收獲作業(yè)技術(shù)要求。
 
  四是聚力棉加企業(yè)技術(shù)改造,強(qiáng)化破解制約技術(shù)瓶頸。機(jī)采棉是一項系統(tǒng)工程,內(nèi)容復(fù)雜,包含了種植、采收、加工、銷售等一系列環(huán)節(jié),棉加企業(yè)技術(shù)改造是機(jī)采棉技術(shù)推廣的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),酒泉市通過對開展清花線改造的棉加企業(yè)給予一定的政策和資金扶持,發(fā)揮龍頭企業(yè)引領(lǐng)作用,達(dá)到重點突破、帶動全盤的目的。瓜州縣、敦煌市針對機(jī)采后的棉花含雜、含水率高,傳統(tǒng)的加工設(shè)備無法進(jìn)行壓軋,硬性壓軋不但會降低棉花等級,影響棉花企業(yè)效益,還會加大壓軋磨損導(dǎo)致縮短設(shè)備使用壽命的實際,爭取資金300萬元對8家機(jī)采棉加工廠進(jìn)行設(shè)備改造,清雜效果較老設(shè)備提高30%以上,加快推進(jìn)棉加企業(yè)智能化、數(shù)字化、綠色化技術(shù)改造升級,提高機(jī)采棉收購加工能力,降低機(jī)械對棉纖維的損傷長度,提升棉花加工質(zhì)量,形成從田間生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化到產(chǎn)后加工配套技術(shù)體系,推進(jìn)棉花全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn),為“酒泉好棉花品牌”創(chuàng)建注入了強(qiáng)勁動力。
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