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全國農(nóng)技中心印發(fā)《秋季主要糧油作物植保無人飛機“一噴多促”技術(shù)指導意見》

2024-07-29 09:45:57 來源:全國農(nóng)技中心 閱讀量:19133 評論

導讀:本意見適用于水稻、玉米、大豆等秋糧作物“一噴多促”無人飛機施藥作業(yè),所涉及的無人飛機作業(yè)參數(shù)、藥劑選擇和施藥參數(shù)等因素僅供參考,在實際應用中應根據(jù)氣象條件、作物種類和生育期、藥劑助劑品種、植保無人飛機機型特點、周邊作物和施藥環(huán)境等進行調(diào)整和優(yōu)化,大規(guī)模施藥前須開展小范圍試驗。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 為科學指導秋季主要糧油作物植保無人飛機“一噴多促”作業(yè),提高病蟲害防控效果和作物單產(chǎn)水平,全國農(nóng)技中心特制定本指導意見。
 
  適用范圍
 
  本意見適用于水稻、玉米、大豆等秋糧作物“一噴多促”無人飛機施藥作業(yè),所涉及的無人飛機作業(yè)參數(shù)、藥劑選擇和施藥參數(shù)等因素僅供參考,在實際應用中應根據(jù)氣象條件、作物種類和生育期、藥劑助劑品種、植保無人飛機機型特點、周邊作物和施藥環(huán)境等進行調(diào)整和優(yōu)化,大規(guī)模施藥前須開展小范圍試驗
 
  飛行參數(shù)設置
 
  綜合考慮作物種類和生育期、畝施藥液量、植保無人飛機機型和下壓風力大小等因素,設定植保無人飛機飛行參數(shù),確保噴霧均勻、無重噴漏噴、飄移損失小且作物植株無折損。作業(yè)時環(huán)境風速應小于級風(≤3.3m/s),針對現(xiàn)有主流植保無人飛機,建議飛行速度3—5m/s,施藥液量1.53升/畝;飛行高度(離作物冠層的高度)根據(jù)載荷重量適當調(diào)整,載荷重量<30L的飛行高度2—3m、載荷量≥30L的飛行高度3.54.5m,防治稻飛虱、紋枯病等莖基部病蟲害時應結(jié)合實際適當降低飛行高度;施藥前應根據(jù)飛行高度確定有效作業(yè)噴幅,確保噴幅邊緣有足夠的藥液沉積量;施藥后如遇雨,應及時補治。
 
  防控藥劑選擇
 
  按照各地指導意見和實際情況,科學混用殺蟲劑、殺菌劑、植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑、葉面肥等,實施秋季主要糧油作物“一噴多促”作業(yè),藥液配制時應確保所有組分混合均勻、混配穩(wěn)定、協(xié)同增效且對作物無藥害。
 
  水稻:可選用三氟苯嘧啶、四氯蟲酰胺、茚蟲威、乙基多殺菌素等殺蟲劑防治稻飛虱、稻縱卷葉螟、水稻二化螟等害蟲,選用三環(huán)唑、吡唑醚菌酯微囊懸浮劑、噻呋酰胺、嘧菌酯、肟菌·戊唑醇等殺菌劑防治稻瘟病、紋枯病、稻曲病等病害。同時,合理混配蕓苔素內(nèi)酯、噻苯隆、赤·吲乙·蕓苔、14-羥蕓·噻苯隆、調(diào)環(huán)酸鈣等植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑,提高水稻抗逆能力,防早衰,增加千粒重。
 
  玉米:可選用氯蟲苯甲酰胺、四氯蟲酰胺、甲氨基阿維菌素苯甲酸鹽等殺蟲劑防治玉米螟、粘蟲、蚜蟲、雙斑長跗螢葉甲等害蟲,選用吡唑醚菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇、醚菌酯·氟環(huán)唑等殺菌劑防治葉斑病、大小斑病等病害。同時,合理混配三十烷醇、噻苯隆、蕓苔素內(nèi)酯、胺鮮酯、乙烯利等植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑,增強玉米抗倒伏抗逆能力,促進玉米植株葉壯、稈粗、穗大、粒多。
 
  大豆:可選用氯蟲·高氯氟、噻蟲·高氯氟、溴氰菊酯等殺蟲劑防治大豆食心蟲、豆莢螟等蛀食性害蟲,選用吡唑醚菌酯、嘧菌酯、苯甲·丙環(huán)唑等殺菌劑防治葉莢部病害。同時,合理混配噴施三十烷醇、蕓苔素內(nèi)酯、吲哚丁酸、二氫卟吩鐵等植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑、誘抗劑等強健植株,預防根腐病引起的早衰,促進大豆結(jié)莢和鼓粒。
 
  噴霧助劑添加
 
  施藥作業(yè)前,應在藥液中添加適量的改性植物油、礦物油等噴霧助劑并混合均勻,用于改善農(nóng)藥藥液性能,提高霧滴沉降、抗飄移、耐雨水沖刷、抗蒸發(fā)等性能。
 
  注意事項
 
  (一)施藥作業(yè)前,要調(diào)查作業(yè)周邊環(huán)境、確定作業(yè)區(qū)域及邊界。根據(jù)作業(yè)區(qū)域,綜合評估潛在風險,防止噴霧霧滴飄移造成非靶標生物毒害和周邊作物藥害。
 
  (二)施藥作業(yè)時,環(huán)境溫度不超過30℃。鑒于部分地區(qū)中午氣溫較高,上升氣流強,因地制宜選擇在上午10點前或下午4點后施藥作業(yè),盛夏時節(jié)可選擇在晚上施藥。施藥時可在植株冠層葉片提前布放霧滴測試卡,進行霧滴密度檢測,為保證飛防作業(yè)質(zhì)量和施藥效果,建議調(diào)整飛行作業(yè)參數(shù),提高施藥均勻性,確保每平方厘米霧滴數(shù)量在20個以上。
 
  (三)起降作業(yè)時,應遠離障礙物和人員,作業(yè)人員應穿戴必要的防護用品,避免處在噴霧的下風位,嚴禁在施藥區(qū)穿行,作業(yè)時禁止吸煙及飲食。
 
  (四)施藥防控后,要及時跟蹤調(diào)查病蟲害防治效果并做好記錄。
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