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畜禽糞污資源化利用典型技術(shù)模式案例2

2024-06-21 09:25:43 來源：黑龍江省畜牧總站 閱讀量：14422 評論

導(dǎo)讀：黑龍江省畜牧總站依托我省畜禽糞污資源化利用專家委員會，聯(lián)合黑龍江省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院畜牧獸醫(yī)分院總結(jié)提煉出多種適合我省“效果好、運行佳、可復(fù)制、可推廣”的典型經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｊ健?/p>

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 按照黑龍江省畜禽養(yǎng)殖廢棄物資源化利用聯(lián)席會議辦公室部署，圍繞“源頭減量、過程控制、末端利用”三個重點環(huán)節(jié)，聚焦畜禽糞污減量化、無害化、資源化，黑龍江省畜牧總站依托我省畜禽糞污資源化利用專家委員會，聯(lián)合黑龍江省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院畜牧獸醫(yī)分院總結(jié)提煉出多種適合我省“效果好、運行佳、可復(fù)制、可推廣”的典型經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｊ?。請各地結(jié)合本地區(qū)實際情況學(xué)習(xí)借鑒，不斷提升畜禽糞污資源化利用水平。今日推出糞污墊料化+肥料化處理模式——中都畜牧有限責(zé)任公司典型案例。
 
　　糞污墊料化＋肥料化處理模式
 
　　——中都畜牧有限責(zé)任公司典型案例
 
　　由于奶牛糞便中纖維素含量高、質(zhì)地松軟，可將奶牛場的糞污經(jīng)固液分離后，固體部分經(jīng)好氧發(fā)酵無害化處理后既可以作為牛床墊料進行回用，又可以作為肥料進行還田利用，液體部分經(jīng)貯存厭氧發(fā)酵后在農(nóng)田需肥和灌溉期間，與灌溉用水按照一定比例混合后，進行水肥一體化施用。
 
　　一、企業(yè)基本情況
 
　　杜爾伯特蒙古族自治縣中都畜牧有限責(zé)任公司位于黑龍江省大慶市杜爾伯特蒙古族自治縣一心鄉(xiāng)永勝村，公司為市級重點龍頭企業(yè)、會員單位、A2奶及學(xué)生奶認(rèn)證生產(chǎn)基地。牧場設(shè)計規(guī)模5000頭，現(xiàn)存欄4628頭，糞污通過固液分離機分離出來的固態(tài)糞渣，經(jīng)過翻拋設(shè)備翻拋晾曬發(fā)酵指標(biāo)達標(biāo)后回填牛舍臥床，分離出來的液肥存儲氧化塘，每年2次噴灑還田；后備牛舍糞污經(jīng)過無害化處理后還田為農(nóng)作物肥料。
 
　　二、技術(shù)模式要點
 
　　牧場糞污處理采用“固液分離+發(fā)酵大棚+氧化塘+還田”資源化綜合利用模式。牛舍內(nèi)采用刮糞板、鏟車進行干清糞，將牛糞清輸糞渠內(nèi)，渠內(nèi)有回沖水將糞尿輸送到下端的糞污中轉(zhuǎn)池內(nèi)(或鏟車進行干清至牛舍兩端集糞池內(nèi)，用自卸車?yán)\到糞污中轉(zhuǎn)池內(nèi))。擠奶廳地面清洗水，擠奶設(shè)備以及CIP清洗水通過收集渠收集至擠奶廳外的集水池內(nèi)，通過回沖泵將上清液提升到待擠廳地面的沖洗閥，用于回沖待擠區(qū)的糞污，集水池池底的糞污混合物通過攪拌輸送泵總到糞污中轉(zhuǎn)池，然后進行固液分離，將糞渣分離出來，經(jīng)過7～14天(根據(jù)季節(jié)不同，需要的時間不同)的堆積發(fā)酵后，固體物質(zhì)經(jīng)過翻堆高溫發(fā)酵無害化處理后可做牛床墊料使用。
 
　　固液分離后的廢水泵入氧化塘，生活廢水通過罐車輸運到氧化塘，廢水在氧化塘通過降解和沉淀，存儲6個月以上厭氧、兼氧、好氧反應(yīng)過程后，達到無害化以后還田利用。
 
圖1-糞污處理工藝流程圖
 
　　三、效益分析
 
　　(一)經(jīng)濟效益
 
　　公司墊料生產(chǎn)設(shè)施設(shè)備包括固液分離大棚、墊料暫存場、翻拋設(shè)備、晾曬場地等，每月生產(chǎn)420噸墊料，牧場糞污處理固液分離出來的糞渣進行無害化發(fā)酵制作有機墊料替換木屑回填臥床，墊料生產(chǎn)成本為174.47元/噸，外購木屑398元/噸，墊料節(jié)約成本為223.53元/噸，計算年產(chǎn)可回填臥床墊料(420噸/月×11月=4620噸)，年度節(jié)約墊料費用103萬元(4260噸×223.53元/噸)。
 
　　(二)社會效益
 
　　公司依法對畜禽養(yǎng)殖糞污進行綜合利用和無害化處理，以綠色生態(tài)為導(dǎo)向，按照政府政策支持、企業(yè)自主運營、產(chǎn)品綠色環(huán)保市場化運作的方針，采取源頭減量、過程控制、末端利用的治理途徑，公司建立有效的畜禽糞污資源化利用機制，因地制宜，因場施策，切實落實符合實際的糞污資源化利用主導(dǎo)模式，以糞渣回填臥床和農(nóng)田有機肥為主要利用方向，全面推進畜禽養(yǎng)殖糞污資源化利用。
 
　　(三)生態(tài)效益
 
　　通過養(yǎng)殖糞污的墊料化和肥料化利用，降低成本費用、提升盈利能力，實現(xiàn)種養(yǎng)平衡、加快種養(yǎng)結(jié)合、帶動上、下游產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈可持續(xù)發(fā)展新格局，以保護生態(tài)環(huán)境為己任，為社會提供優(yōu)質(zhì)健康、有機綠色的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。

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