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當前南方早稻應對陰雨洪澇技術意見

2024-04-25 09:50:16 來源：全國農業(yè)技術推廣服務中心 閱讀量：11607 評論

導讀：4月中旬以來，南方地區(qū)出現(xiàn)兩輪大范圍降雨，部分地區(qū)大到暴雨并伴有大風冰雹等強對流天氣，對早稻育秧移栽和田間管理造成不利影響。

　　【農機網 熱點關注】 4月中旬以來，南方地區(qū)出現(xiàn)兩輪大范圍降雨，部分地區(qū)大到暴雨并伴有大風冰雹等強對流天氣，對早稻育秧移栽和田間管理造成不利影響。據氣象部門預報，未來10天江南華南降雨顯著偏多，大部地區(qū)較常年同期偏多5—8成，部分地區(qū)偏多1倍以上，可能出現(xiàn)洪澇災害。“谷雨”已過，長江中下游早稻處于移栽至返青期，華南早稻處于分蘗期，是保早稻栽插、?；久绲年P鍵時期。為科學應對當前陰雨洪澇影響，各地要以保秧田、保栽插、保苗數“三保”為重點，加快早稻移栽，加強田間管理，強化防災減災，確保栽足栽滿，全力抓好早稻生產。
 
　　防護秧田  搶時栽插
 
　　對少部分尚未移栽的露天育秧田，做好排水工作，防止秧田受淹。對秧苗較小的集中育秧田，有條件的地方遮蓋防雨，無條件的地方深水護苗，避免暴雨沖擊損害秧苗。對尚未移栽的設施秧田，提前加固防風，防范強對流天氣影響。對已完成整地施肥的大田，要避開暴雨天氣搶插搶拋。對仍未整地移栽的田塊，要盡快完成整地和移栽。對剛播種的直播稻田，應適當灌水2—3厘米形成保護層，防止暴雨沖刷種子或幼苗，天氣轉晴后立即排水，避免水流沖走種子和幼苗。
 
　　管控水層  及時排水
 
　　對尚未移栽的大田，要施足基肥加快整地，并保持泥皮水作業(yè)，防止后續(xù)強降雨導致肥水流失。施肥2天后做好4—5厘米的平水缺，及時排出田間多余水分，防止暴雨沖刷導致肥料流失。對剛移栽的稻田，暴雨來臨前做好3—4厘米的平水缺，確保田間保持一定水層，減輕暴雨對秧苗的沖刷，減少漂苗率。對正在返青的稻田，要保持泥皮水，做好1—2厘米的平水缺，降低洪澇風險。對處于分蘗期的稻田，要提前清理溝系，并與田外排灌渠溝相通相連，排干稻田積水，促進水稻分蘗。
 
　　查苗補苗  防控病蟲
 
　　對因暴雨沖擊導致浮苗、缺蔸、死苗等缺苗較多的田塊，天氣轉晴后及時查苗補缺，可用多余秧苗補插，也可在未受影響的田塊中選取分蘗旺盛的植株進行分株補苗，確?；久鐢?。受淹水稻葉片損傷、枯葉較多，易發(fā)生立枯病、根腐病等病害，新生的葉、蘗、莖易遭蟲害，要密切關注病蟲發(fā)生動態(tài)，開展綜合防治，減輕病蟲危害。
 
　　加強田管  促進恢復
 
　　暴雨過后，要排水降漬、控水增氧、露田通氣，促進水稻發(fā)根。對苗勢偏弱、葉色偏淡的秧床和大田，可酌情追施速效氮肥，促進秧苗恢復生長。對已沖毀無法恢復的稻田，及時清表整地，補插秧苗或改種直播稻，最大程度彌補災害損失。

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