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2024年農(nóng)機(jī)猜想之九：農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人大量推廣？

2024-01-16 10:17:34 來源：總站信息處 作者：劉振營 閱讀量：14789 評論

導(dǎo)讀：2024年，某些農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人，例如旋耕機(jī)器人將會大量推廣。本次聊聊這個話題。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場行情】農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人是一種可由不同程序軟件控制，以適應(yīng)各種農(nóng)業(yè)作業(yè),能感覺并適應(yīng)作物種類或環(huán)境變化，有檢測(如視覺等)和演算等人工智能的新一代無人自動操作機(jī)械。2024年，某些農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人，例如旋耕機(jī)器人將會大量推廣。本次聊聊這個話題。
 
　　一、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人的種類
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人出現(xiàn)后，發(fā)展很快，許多國家開展研制和推廣，出現(xiàn)了多種類型農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人，智能化機(jī)器人也會在廣闊的田野上越來越多地代替人工完成各種農(nóng)活。農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人的廣泛應(yīng)用，改變了傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)勞動方式，提高了作業(yè)效率，促進(jìn)了現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展。
 
　　1、智能旋耕機(jī)器人
 
　　智能旋耕機(jī)器人可以用于農(nóng)田的耕翻作業(yè)，如田地、溫室大棚、果園等的旋耕作業(yè)。它通過集成的傳感器和導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，可以自動感知和識別田地的地形和障礙物，實現(xiàn)自主導(dǎo)航和規(guī)劃耕作路徑。智能旋耕機(jī)器人可以通過遙控器、手機(jī)App或者計算機(jī)進(jìn)行啟動、預(yù)設(shè)耕作路徑和控制作業(yè)。
 
　　2、田間管理機(jī)器人
 
　　田間管理機(jī)器人可以開展中耕、施肥和除草等田間管理作業(yè)。
 
　　施肥機(jī)器人會從不同土壤的實際情況出發(fā)，適量施肥，降低了農(nóng)業(yè)成本，并使地下水質(zhì)得以改善。
 
　　除草機(jī)器人所使用的是一部攝像機(jī)和一臺識別野草、作物和土壤圖像的計算機(jī)組合裝置，利用攝像機(jī)掃描和計算機(jī)圖像分析，確定雜草位置并驅(qū)動機(jī)械臂定點(diǎn)除草。
 
　　噴藥機(jī)器人具有路徑規(guī)劃、智能避障、自主導(dǎo)航、對靶施藥以及圖像識別等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，可代替人力作業(yè)，節(jié)省人力和成本，并且可以避免藥霧危害。
 
　　3、果蔬采摘機(jī)器人
 
　　果蔬采摘機(jī)器人由一臺裝有計算機(jī)的拖拉機(jī)、一套光學(xué)視覺系統(tǒng)和一個機(jī)械手組成，能夠從果實的大小、形狀和顏色判斷出是否成熟，決定可不可以采摘。采用四驅(qū)四轉(zhuǎn)輪式動力底盤，可實現(xiàn)全向運(yùn)動和原地旋轉(zhuǎn)，極大地提高了應(yīng)用場景的適應(yīng)性。它工作的速度極快，每分鐘摘果實60個而靠手工只能摘8個左右。另外，采摘機(jī)器人通過裝有視頻器的機(jī)械手，對果實無損傷，而且能對摘下來的果實按大小或顏色馬上進(jìn)行分類。
 
　　4、農(nóng)場運(yùn)輸機(jī)器人
 
　　運(yùn)輸機(jī)器人具有自主導(dǎo)航，多功能搭載的特點(diǎn)，可搭載承載料箱，進(jìn)行定時定點(diǎn)定量均勻地運(yùn)送飼料到喂料點(diǎn)，自動多站點(diǎn)依靠，自動定量卸料，并具有自動返航充電和智能避障功能。這種運(yùn)輸機(jī)器人也可用作農(nóng)場拖運(yùn)貨物或畜禽轉(zhuǎn)動。
 
　　二、最容易實現(xiàn)和推廣的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人聽起來似乎高大上，實現(xiàn)起來很困難，有些品種的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人確實如此。然而，有些品種的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人比較簡單，推廣起來可能相對比較容易。個人認(rèn)為，耕作機(jī)器人可能是比較容易實現(xiàn)的品種。
 
　　近幾年來，參加展會的耕作機(jī)器人品種比較多，有相對比較簡單的遙控履帶式旋耕機(jī)，也有比較復(fù)雜的智能旋耕機(jī)器人。下面是2023年永康國際農(nóng)林博覽會上展出的部分旋耕機(jī)器人展品。
 
　　旋耕機(jī)器人大都以電池為電源，對環(huán)境污染小，特別適合在溫室大棚這種密閉環(huán)境中耕作。另外，也非常適合丘陵山區(qū)小地塊以及菜地和果園耕作。目前，旋耕機(jī)器人參與研發(fā)生產(chǎn)的企業(yè)比較多，產(chǎn)品機(jī)型多種多樣，因此比較容易得到普及，如果加上農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼助力，可能在2024年得到大量推廣。

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