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2023年春耕期間農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)服務(wù)價(jià)格和成本變化趨勢(shì)調(diào)查報(bào)告

2023-03-28 12:01:37 來源：農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司 閱讀量：18956 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：近日，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司會(huì)同農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站針對(duì)春耕期間農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)服務(wù)價(jià)格和成本變化，開展了電子問卷調(diào)查，并形成調(diào)查分析報(bào)告，現(xiàn)予以刊發(fā)。

　　2023年春耕期間農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)服務(wù)價(jià)格和成本變化趨勢(shì)調(diào)查報(bào)告
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化情況2023年第6期
 
　　編者按：近日，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司會(huì)同農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站針對(duì)春耕期間農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)服務(wù)價(jià)格和成本變化，開展了電子問卷調(diào)查，并形成調(diào)查分析報(bào)告，現(xiàn)予以刊發(fā)，供有關(guān)方面參考。
 
　　為科學(xué)研判農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)形勢(shì)，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化管理司會(huì)同農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化總站開展了2023年春耕期間農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)服務(wù)價(jià)格和成本變化趨勢(shì)電子問卷調(diào)查，有關(guān)情況如下。
 
　　一、調(diào)查樣本分布情況
 
　　本次調(diào)查采取網(wǎng)絡(luò)問卷形式，共收到27個(gè)省份3244個(gè)農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)組織調(diào)查問卷，具體樣本分布情況如下表所示。
 
　　調(diào)查樣本分布情況表


 

　　從調(diào)查情況看，預(yù)計(jì)春耕期間機(jī)械耕整地作業(yè)價(jià)格較為平穩(wěn)，機(jī)械播種(插秧)作業(yè)價(jià)格略有上升。
 
　　二、春耕期間農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)價(jià)格變化趨勢(shì)
 
　　(一)機(jī)械耕整地作業(yè)價(jià)格
 
　　預(yù)計(jì)旱地機(jī)械化深翻作業(yè)價(jià)格為60元/畝左右，深松、旋耕作業(yè)價(jià)格為50元/畝左右，水田機(jī)械化翻耕作業(yè)價(jià)格為70元/畝左右，均與去年基本持平；水田機(jī)械化旋耕作業(yè)價(jià)格為60元/畝左右，較去年略有下降。
 
　　(二)機(jī)械種植作業(yè)價(jià)格
 
　　預(yù)計(jì)春玉米、春大豆機(jī)播作業(yè)價(jià)格為50元/畝左右，較去年小幅上漲；高性能玉米播種機(jī)作業(yè)價(jià)格為60元/畝左右，較普通玉米機(jī)播作業(yè)價(jià)格高出10元左右；水稻機(jī)插秧(不含秧苗或育秧服務(wù))作業(yè)價(jià)格為80元/畝左右，與去年基本持平。
 
　　三、春耕期間影響農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)價(jià)格變化原因分析
 
　　從調(diào)查情況看，春耕期間影響農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)價(jià)格的主要因素為燃油成本和機(jī)手雇工費(fèi)用變化，涉及樣本數(shù)分別為2701個(gè)和2249個(gè)，占樣本總數(shù)的83.26%和69.33%；其次為機(jī)具購(gòu)買、維修成本變化，涉及樣本數(shù)為1914個(gè)，占樣本總數(shù)的59.01%；機(jī)具保有量、供需信息對(duì)接等因素對(duì)于作業(yè)價(jià)格影響不大。
 
　　(一)燃油消耗情況
 
　　預(yù)計(jì)春耕期間機(jī)械化耕整地作業(yè)油耗為3—4 L/畝；機(jī)械化播種作業(yè)油耗為3L/畝。
 
　　(二)燃油價(jià)格情況
 
　　預(yù)計(jì)春耕期間柴油價(jià)格為7.5元/升，以本次調(diào)查樣本數(shù)量最多的甘肅省為例，2023年3月17日甘肅省0#柴油價(jià)格為7.35元/L，較2022年同期下降3.5%，但較2021年同期仍要高19.90%。
 
　　(三)機(jī)手雇工費(fèi)用情況
 
　　預(yù)計(jì)機(jī)手雇工費(fèi)用增長(zhǎng)的樣本數(shù)占樣本總數(shù)的76.11%。人工成本連續(xù)增長(zhǎng)和缺乏作業(yè)水平較高的機(jī)手是影響機(jī)手雇工費(fèi)用增長(zhǎng)的主要原因，涉及樣本數(shù)分別為2669個(gè)和2113個(gè)，占樣本總數(shù)的82.27%和65.14%。
 
　　(四)零配件供給情況
 
　　預(yù)計(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械零配件購(gòu)買價(jià)格增長(zhǎng)的樣本數(shù)占樣本總數(shù)的76.23%。零配件原材料價(jià)格與物流成本增長(zhǎng)是影響農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械零配件購(gòu)買價(jià)格增長(zhǎng)的主要原因，涉及樣本分別為2252個(gè)和1476個(gè)，分別占樣本總數(shù)的69.42%與45.50%。
 
　　四、跨區(qū)作業(yè)情況
 
　　從調(diào)查情況看，1093個(gè)樣本明確表示準(zhǔn)備開展跨區(qū)作業(yè)，占樣本總數(shù)的33.69%；1366個(gè)樣本明確表示不開展跨區(qū)作業(yè)，占樣本總數(shù)的42.11%；785個(gè)樣本表示不確定是否參與跨區(qū)作業(yè)。
 
　　五、面臨問題與建議
 
　　從調(diào)查情況看，今年春耕期間面臨的主要問題是燃油價(jià)格較往年相比仍然偏高，涉及1191個(gè)樣本，占樣本總數(shù)的36.71%；天氣問題、缺少有能力的機(jī)手和作業(yè)價(jià)格低等問題，均未超過樣本總數(shù)的25%；反映零配件供給不足問題的樣本有46個(gè)，僅占樣本總數(shù)的1.42%。
 
　　各地農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)組織的主要建議：292個(gè)樣本建議“加大燃油補(bǔ)貼或提供用油優(yōu)惠服務(wù)”；167個(gè)樣本建議“加大農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)補(bǔ)貼力度或提高作業(yè)價(jià)格”；115個(gè)樣本建議“加強(qiáng)機(jī)手作業(yè)培訓(xùn)”；77個(gè)樣本建議“加大新機(jī)具購(gòu)置補(bǔ)貼力度”。

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