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各縣項目投資30萬,山西省推廣水肥一體化技術(shù)實施方案定了!

2022-06-08 14:36:37 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:33150 評論

導讀:近日,山西省農(nóng)業(yè)機械發(fā)展中心印發(fā)《水肥一體化技術(shù)試驗示范項目實施方案》,要求大力發(fā)展節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè),實施化肥使用量零增長行動,推廣普及水肥一體化技術(shù)。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 政策與標準】山西省位于黃土高原東部,境內(nèi)地形復雜高低相關(guān)懸殊,土地面積1562.7萬公頃,其中平原為308.2萬公頃,山地和丘陵占土地面積的80.3% ;全省均為大陸性氣候,是我國北方典型的半干旱區(qū);地面水和地下水資源均缺乏,人均水資源占有量居全國倒數(shù)第二位。
 

 

  大力發(fā)展節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè),實施化肥使用量零增長行動,推廣普及水肥一體化技術(shù),全面提升水資源和化肥利用率,是保障國家糧食安全、發(fā)展現(xiàn)代節(jié)水型農(nóng)業(yè)、轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式、促進農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必由之路。
 
  近日,山西省農(nóng)業(yè)機械發(fā)展中心印發(fā)了糧食作物生產(chǎn)9個機械化新技術(shù)示范推廣項目實施方案。其中,《水肥一體化技術(shù)試驗示范項目實施方案》要求結(jié)合各地農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)特點和需求,以水肥一體化技術(shù)試驗示范工作為主要內(nèi)容,促進農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,提升山西省生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)水平。
 
  資金使用計劃:每個縣項目資金30萬元。其中,示范裝備購置補助資金28萬元(單系統(tǒng)補貼額不得超售價80%);示范點建設(shè)、試驗示范物料購置、數(shù)據(jù)采集、技術(shù)培訓觀摩等推廣活動2萬元。
 
  主要工作內(nèi)容:
 
  在晉源區(qū)、渾源縣、懷仁市、新絳縣、嵐縣五縣(市、區(qū))分別建立水肥一體化節(jié)本增效灌溉技術(shù)項目示范點各200畝。選型引進水肥一體化智能灌溉系統(tǒng)裝備,示范點內(nèi)進行物聯(lián)網(wǎng)智能定時灌溉施肥、遠程控制分區(qū)灌溉施肥、比例自主注肥、土壤氣象監(jiān)控等技術(shù)的應用示范,對引進設(shè)備進行技術(shù)試驗,驗證、完善水肥一體化技術(shù)規(guī)范。
 
  開展應用考核,做好水肥一體化節(jié)本增效灌溉技術(shù)作業(yè)成本核算工作。認真開展灌溉、施肥、施藥等生產(chǎn)作業(yè),做好節(jié)水、節(jié)肥、節(jié)藥、節(jié)能和長勢、產(chǎn)量諸方面的數(shù)據(jù)采集分析,核算機具作業(yè)成本(包括電費、人工、維護保養(yǎng)等環(huán)節(jié)),各環(huán)節(jié)成本主要包括人工、折舊、維修等費用,在此基礎(chǔ)上分析作業(yè)成本,形成機具試驗考核報告。
 
  適時開展示范、觀摩及推廣演示活動。
 
  主要技術(shù)內(nèi)容及規(guī)范——水肥一體化技術(shù)根據(jù)作物需求,對農(nóng)田水分和養(yǎng)分進行綜合調(diào)控和一體化管理,以水促肥、實現(xiàn)水肥耦合,全面提升農(nóng)田水肥利用效率。
 
  組成部分:水肥一體化系統(tǒng)一般包括供水系統(tǒng)、供肥系統(tǒng)和灌溉系統(tǒng)三部分。供水系統(tǒng)由蓄水池、水泵、管網(wǎng)、過濾系統(tǒng)及閥門組成;供肥系統(tǒng)由施肥機、肥料桶及閥門組成;灌溉系統(tǒng)由田間管網(wǎng)和灌溉器組成。
 
  灌溉方式:水肥一體化的灌水方式可采用管道灌溉、噴灌、微噴灌、泵加壓滴灌、重力滴灌、滲灌、小管出流等。
 
  灌溉方法:灌溉施肥的程序分三個階段:第一階段,在水泵運行正常后緩慢開啟水泵出水管道上的控制閥門,逐條沖洗管道并進行灌水;第二階段,按照農(nóng)藝要求根據(jù)設(shè)定好的程序,將肥料溶液經(jīng)水肥機注入管道中施入作物根部土壤;第三階段,用不含肥的水清洗灌溉系統(tǒng),將管道中殘留的肥液完全排除。
 
  注:本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(epigene.com.cn)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:山西省農(nóng)業(yè)機械發(fā)展中心。
 
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