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農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部甘蔗全程機械化專家指導組調(diào)研廣西分步式甘蔗收獲機械化技術

2022-04-26 09:13:44 來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)機械化總站經(jīng)作機械處 閱讀量：19772 評論

導讀：月19日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機械化專家指導組甘蔗專業(yè)組在組長、華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學區(qū)穎剛教授的帶領下，成員華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學劉慶庭教授、福建農(nóng)林大學張華研究員、云南省農(nóng)業(yè)機械推廣站鄧慶高級工程師、海南省農(nóng)業(yè)機械鑒定推廣站王文研究員、華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學武濤副教授等，參加了廣西甘蔗分步式收獲機具裝備研發(fā)推廣工作研討會視頻會議，開展了相關調(diào)研工作，并提出了建議和意見。廣西農(nóng)業(yè)機械化服務中心副主任范軍燦作總結(jié)。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】4月19日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機械化專家指導組甘蔗專業(yè)組在組長、華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學區(qū)穎剛教授的帶領下，成員華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學劉慶庭教授、福建農(nóng)林大學張華研究員、云南省農(nóng)業(yè)機械推廣站鄧慶高級工程師、海南省農(nóng)業(yè)機械鑒定推廣站王文研究員、華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學武濤副教授等，參加了廣西甘蔗分步式收獲機具裝備研發(fā)推廣工作研討會視頻會議，開展了相關調(diào)研工作，并提出了建議和意見。廣西農(nóng)業(yè)機械化服務中心副主任范軍燦作總結(jié)。
 

 

廣西農(nóng)機化服務中心匯報甘蔗分步式機收情況
 

 

甘蔗專家組參加研討會視頻會議
 
　　來自廣西農(nóng)業(yè)機械化服務中心各業(yè)務部門、南寧市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局、柳州市農(nóng)機中心的負責同志和業(yè)務骨干以及甘蔗收獲機械生產(chǎn)企業(yè)代表40余人參加了研討會。廣西壯族自治區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機械化服務中心匯報了“糖料蔗分步式收獲機械在廣西鑒定、運用情況與研發(fā)方向探討”“廣西甘蔗分步式機收技術路線”，廣西合浦縣惠來寶機械制造有限公司、湖北利匯智能農(nóng)機裝備科技有限公司等相關企業(yè)代表介紹了分步式收獲機具的研發(fā)推廣使用情況。
 
　　當前廣西甘蔗聯(lián)合收獲機保有量為2588臺，預計2021/2022榨季聯(lián)合機收量為200萬噸，聯(lián)合機收水平約為4%，聯(lián)合收獲機作業(yè)量僅為170畝/臺。廣西壯族自治區(qū)人民政府提出，要切實轉(zhuǎn)換思路，把提高甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機械化工作重點由單純推廣“一步法”聯(lián)合機收作業(yè)向多種作業(yè)模式并重轉(zhuǎn)變，大力破解甘蔗機收率低的瓶頸問題。
 
　　本次研討會明確了推進“分步式”收獲機具裝備推廣應用的可行性和重要性。分步式機收對比聯(lián)合機收有以下優(yōu)勢，一是對于糖廠，分步式機收可以為糖廠提供與人工收獲品質(zhì)相當?shù)恼捳崆o，總含雜率不超過3%，與大部分糖廠現(xiàn)有制糖工藝相匹配，不需要糖廠進行技改設備升級，糖廠接受度高。二是對于蔗地，各種類型且造價低廉的割鋪機、割堆機可以適應各種地塊收割要求，且效率遠高于人工，使用成本也低，解決了大中型甘蔗聯(lián)合收割機下不了地、下地不賺錢的難題。三是對于蔗農(nóng)，割鋪機、割堆機收割損失小，不碾壓蔗蔸、不影響次年宿根生長，無蔗葉殘留，便于破壟施肥等宿根管理，除雜(剝?nèi)~)后糖廠扣雜低，蔗葉可綜合化利用，增加額外收入，綜合效益好。四是對于作業(yè)者，分段式收獲包括割鋪、田間集運、除雜、裝車進廠四個作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)，農(nóng)戶可以自由選擇其中一個或幾個部分交由機收服務隊作業(yè)，方式較為靈活，可以帶動農(nóng)機作業(yè)戶增收。
 
　　分步式機收主要有兩種技術路線，一是田間剝?nèi)~、割鋪(堆)、田間轉(zhuǎn)運入廠。二是田間割鋪(堆)、田間轉(zhuǎn)運、集中剝?nèi)~除雜、裝車入廠。目前“分步式”機收模式已有雛形，但仍存在不足，如田間剝?nèi)~機需要寬行距種植要求，嚴重彎曲倒伏甘蔗破損率較高，割鋪轉(zhuǎn)運作業(yè)銜接不順、效率不高，集中剝?nèi)~除雜裝置還不太成熟、輔助人工較多、作業(yè)效率偏低等。
 
　　通過此次研討會，達成以下共識。一是，小型、多步驟的“分步式”機收模式是符合廣西實際的甘蔗機械化好路子，為用戶在聯(lián)合機收和人工傳統(tǒng)收獲之外提供一種選擇，可以提高丘陵山區(qū)和小地塊蔗地機收水平。二是，各級農(nóng)機部門要提高政治站位，制定相關政策、加大推廣力度，全力支持“分步式”機收方式，生產(chǎn)模式要精簡成熟，減少作業(yè)工序、減少輔助人工，以收定種推進標準化、規(guī)范化、宜機化種植。三是，各有關農(nóng)機企業(yè)要找準著力點，優(yōu)化創(chuàng)新核心技術，攻堅克難，研發(fā)一批適用、好用的“分步式”收獲機具裝備，機具裝備要高質(zhì)高效，更加便捷、更加智能、更加可靠。
 

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