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在擴大大豆油料生產(chǎn)方面，中央一號文件有這些舉措！

2022-02-24 08:41:39 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：25055 評論

導讀：眾所周知，我國大豆進口量較大。近些年雖逐年有所下降，但進口量仍處于高位。今年中央和地方紛紛采取多種措施擴大大豆和油料種植面積。今年的中央一號文件中也涉及到了大豆油料生產(chǎn)。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 2月23日，國務院新聞辦公室舉行新聞發(fā)布會，介紹2022年全面推進鄉(xiāng)村振興重點工作，并答記者問。中央農(nóng)村工作領導小組辦公室主任、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部部長唐仁健，中央農(nóng)村工作領導小組辦公室副主任、國家鄉(xiāng)村振興局局長劉煥鑫，中央農(nóng)村工作領導小組辦公室專職副主任、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部黨組成員吳宏耀等出席發(fā)布會。
 
　　眾所周知，我國大豆進口量較大。近些年雖逐年有所下降，但進口量仍處于高位。今年中央和地方紛紛采取多種措施擴大大豆和油料種植面積。今年的中央一號文件中也涉及到了大豆油料生產(chǎn)。
 
　　在發(fā)布會上，中央農(nóng)村工作領導小組辦公室主任、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部部長唐仁健表示，目前我們糧食的總量雖然是緊平衡，但是在保供給尤其?？诩Z方面問題不大。有一個結構問題，就是大豆油料自給率比較低。這些年隨著生活水平的提高，當然還有畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展，對大豆的需求大幅增加，進口量增長較快。剛才記者提到，前年進口1億噸，去年9000多萬噸。目前，國產(chǎn)的大豆可以滿足食用消費需求，就是中國人吃豆腐、豆制品，這方面沒有問題。進口的大豆主要是用于食用植物油和畜牧業(yè)飼料蛋白這方面的需求。下一步，我們既要用好國內(nèi)國際兩個市場、兩種資源，增加大豆油料的供應，但另一方面更重要的是立足自身，下大力氣調(diào)整結構問題，下大決心擴大大豆和油料的生產(chǎn)，能夠多種一畝是一畝，多收一斤是一斤。“油瓶子”里盡可能多裝中國油，重點從三個方面著力。
 
　　一是積極恢復東北地區(qū)的大豆面積。大家知道，東北是我們傳統(tǒng)大豆主產(chǎn)區(qū)，大豆重頭在東北，我們將完善玉米大豆生產(chǎn)者補貼政策，支持東北地區(qū)積極推行大豆玉米合理輪作，引導農(nóng)民今年春播時把茬口倒回來種大豆。同時，東北還有一些地區(qū)也可以進行“水改旱”，多種豆，主要是地下水超采區(qū)，東北前些年水稻發(fā)展比較多，但是有的地區(qū)水稻也不太適宜，所以把這樣的一些地區(qū)倒回來，多種大豆。
 
　　二是積極推廣大豆玉米帶狀復合種植。帶狀復合種植不是一行玉米一行豆，現(xiàn)在試點試驗的多數(shù)是兩行玉米四行豆，所以叫帶狀復合種植，能夠不遮蔽光線、滿足兩種作物的需要。這個事已經(jīng)試點了多年，尤其在西南地區(qū)，像四川等地，目前全國的種植面積已經(jīng)到了700多萬畝，這種種植模式和種植技術目前看已經(jīng)基本成熟。帶狀復合種植的最大好處就是能夠解決大豆玉米爭地的問題，原來種了大豆就種不了玉米，種了玉米就種不了大豆，但是在大豆玉米帶狀復合種植條件下，就能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)玉米基本不減產(chǎn)、能穩(wěn)產(chǎn)，同時又多收一季大豆，大概在100-150公斤，農(nóng)民講是玉米也能撿大豆還白落。我們今年將加大推廣力度，大力在黃淮海地區(qū)、西南地區(qū)、西北地區(qū)等適宜地區(qū)開展大豆玉米帶狀復合種植。但是因為這件事以前是試點，很多地方還不太熟悉，所以我們在品種、農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝配套方面要跟上，強化這方面的服務。為此，中央財政專門安排了補貼資金予以支持，對承擔任務的那些規(guī)模經(jīng)營的主體，還從社會化服務資金中再補一部分，能夠引導這些規(guī)模經(jīng)營主體和農(nóng)戶愿意推廣大豆玉米帶狀復合種植這種模式。另外，在一些地區(qū)把帶狀復合種植也爭取納入農(nóng)業(yè)保險的保障范圍。
 
　　三是積極發(fā)展油料生產(chǎn)。除了大豆，還有很多專門的油料，像大家熟悉的長江流域的油菜，還有北方、西北、華北地區(qū)的花生，還有以南方山地為主的油茶等木本油料，這些都要大力發(fā)展。油菜方面，主要是南方的冬閑田有較大的潛力，去年我們已經(jīng)擴了500多萬畝，今年還要繼續(xù)鞏固擴大。在花生方面，重點是黃淮海和北方農(nóng)牧交錯帶，就是400毫米降雨線這一帶，推廣玉米花生的輪作，穩(wěn)定并擴大花生的面積。在油茶方面，重點是擴大油茶的種植面積，現(xiàn)在還有相當?shù)臐摿?，同時現(xiàn)有的油茶產(chǎn)量很低，需要改造中低產(chǎn)尤其低產(chǎn)林。此外還有一些像向日葵、胡麻、芝麻等特色油料，我們也要因地制宜地發(fā)展。
 
　　總之，通過多油并舉、多措并施，經(jīng)過5-10年的努力，爭取大豆和油料的自給率能夠有一個較大的提高。
 
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