加快推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化

2019-12-12 08:45:28 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)化司 閱讀量：22467 評(píng)論

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】編者按：為貫徹落實(shí)部黨組有關(guān)工作部署，農(nóng)機(jī)化司于今年上半年組織開展了典型丘陵山區(qū)省份農(nóng)機(jī)化扶貧專題調(diào)研，總結(jié)成效經(jīng)驗(yàn)，剖析存在問題，提出思考建議，形成了專題調(diào)研報(bào)告，現(xiàn)予刊發(fā)，請(qǐng)各地特別是丘陵山區(qū)省份認(rèn)真組織學(xué)習(xí)研究，抓好貫徹落實(shí)。
 
　　加快推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化
 
　　丘陵山區(qū)是我國糧食和特色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的重要生產(chǎn)基地，也是貧困人口的集中地，主要分布在19個(gè)省區(qū)市的1400余個(gè)縣市區(qū)，其耕地面積、農(nóng)作物播種面積均占全國的三分之一，涉及農(nóng)業(yè)人口近3億人。農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化是轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式、提高農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)力的重要基礎(chǔ)，是實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的重要支撐。大力發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化，對(duì)于丘陵山區(qū)建設(shè)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)、推進(jìn)脫貧攻堅(jiān)、加快鄉(xiāng)村振興都具有十分重要意義。近年來，丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展取得了長足進(jìn)步，但與平原地區(qū)仍有不小差距，是全國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展不平衡不充分的主要所在。今年6月以來，按照農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部黨組有關(guān)部署，農(nóng)機(jī)化司把加快推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展列為“不忘初心、牢記使命”主題教育活動(dòng)調(diào)查研究、檢視整改的重要內(nèi)容，與貫徹落實(shí)《國務(wù)院關(guān)于加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化和農(nóng)機(jī)裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)的指導(dǎo)意見》(國發(fā)〔2018〕42號(hào))等有關(guān)工作結(jié)合起來，組織開展了專題調(diào)研。
 
　　一、近年推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的主要做法和成效
 
　　近年來，特別是黨的十八大以來，我部將推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展擺上重要日程，先后召開*丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展座談會(huì)、*果菜茶生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化現(xiàn)場(chǎng)會(huì)，明確思路舉措，作出全面部署。有關(guān)省區(qū)市農(nóng)機(jī)化主管部門積極謀劃，創(chuàng)新工作，持續(xù)推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展，取得了積極成效。截至2018年底，丘陵山區(qū)省份農(nóng)機(jī)總動(dòng)力達(dá)到4.4億千瓦，比2012年增長21%；農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率達(dá)到49%，比2012年提升12個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，農(nóng)業(yè)物質(zhì)技術(shù)裝備水平和農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化水平得到了大幅提高，有力支撐了丘陵山區(qū)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧和農(nóng)民增收致富。
 
　　（一）培植發(fā)展主體，強(qiáng)化帶動(dòng)。我部組織在丘陵山區(qū)創(chuàng)建一批全國農(nóng)機(jī)合作社示范社。丘陵山區(qū)省份大力培育發(fā)展農(nóng)機(jī)合作社等社會(huì)化服務(wù)組織，支持農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化企業(yè)應(yīng)用示范農(nóng)機(jī)化新技術(shù)新裝備，促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展。如貴州省2014年以來，每年開展一次省級(jí)農(nóng)機(jī)合作社專業(yè)人才培訓(xùn)，累計(jì)投入扶持資金11143余萬元，扶持建立農(nóng)機(jī)專業(yè)合作社545個(gè)、農(nóng)機(jī)抗旱救災(zāi)服務(wù)隊(duì)145個(gè)。甘肅省自2015年起實(shí)施“一鄉(xiāng)一農(nóng)機(jī)合作社”建設(shè)，目前丘陵山區(qū)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)覆蓋率達(dá)63.4%。福建省在61個(gè)縣市培育了85個(gè)萬畝服務(wù)規(guī)模的農(nóng)機(jī)合作社，大力開展農(nóng)機(jī)社會(huì)化服務(wù)。山西省把推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)合作社發(fā)展與農(nóng)機(jī)資產(chǎn)收益扶貧相結(jié)合，2017、2018年省市縣投入資金6400萬元，建立試點(diǎn)187個(gè)，合作社吸納貧困戶6100余戶，有效促進(jìn)了貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展和扶貧攻堅(jiān)。
 
　　（二）推進(jìn)裝備研發(fā)，增加技術(shù)供給。“十二五”國家公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)累計(jì)投入5800萬元，支持丘陵山區(qū)適用機(jī)具技術(shù)研發(fā)。“十三五”國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃“智能農(nóng)機(jī)裝備”重大專項(xiàng)中，設(shè)立“丘陵山地拖拉機(jī)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究與整機(jī)開發(fā)”等3個(gè)項(xiàng)目，投入資金5000多萬元，支持開展丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化技術(shù)研究示范。同時(shí)，一些省市也加快推動(dòng)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備研發(fā)，如湖北省財(cái)政投入300萬元，實(shí)施“丘陵山區(qū)主要農(nóng)作物機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)裝備研發(fā)與集成示范項(xiàng)目”，重點(diǎn)研發(fā)示范油料、茶、蔬菜等生產(chǎn)關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)裝備和山地果園運(yùn)輸技術(shù)裝備；浙江省發(fā)布了產(chǎn)品需求與科研導(dǎo)向目錄，并陸續(xù)安排了部分省級(jí)科技創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目，支持引導(dǎo)科研單位和企業(yè)研發(fā)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)新產(chǎn)品等。通過持續(xù)推進(jìn)科技創(chuàng)新，形成了一批重要科研成果，有效緩解了丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)許多環(huán)節(jié)“無機(jī)可用”的問題。
 
　　（三）推動(dòng)改地適機(jī)，改善作業(yè)條件。重慶市率先提出開展丘陵山區(qū)地塊“宜機(jī)化”改造，推動(dòng)農(nóng)田地塊小并大、短并長、陡變平、彎變直和互聯(lián)互通，為大中型農(nóng)機(jī)運(yùn)用創(chuàng)造條件，2014年以來，共投入1.13億元專項(xiàng)資金用于新型經(jīng)營主體30萬畝“宜機(jī)化”地塊改造獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)。我部積極推廣重慶等地農(nóng)田“宜機(jī)化”改造的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，引導(dǎo)各地加大丘陵山區(qū)土地“宜機(jī)化”整治力度，推進(jìn)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)滿足機(jī)械化作業(yè)。廣西自治區(qū)2016年啟動(dòng)適于機(jī)械化作業(yè)的“雙高”糖料蔗基地建設(shè)，已整治建成近500萬畝。山西省2018年投入財(cái)政資金855萬元，完成5300畝的丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田“宜機(jī)化”改造。陜西省2018年在安康市建立緩坡地“宜機(jī)化”改造試點(diǎn)、在延安市進(jìn)行階梯型緩坡地“宜機(jī)化”改造試驗(yàn)等，積極探索改善機(jī)械化作業(yè)條件的路徑。四川省2011年以來累計(jì)投入1.8億元用于農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)道路建設(shè)。
 
　　（四）強(qiáng)化示范推廣，加快發(fā)展步伐。我部在丘陵山區(qū)省份組織創(chuàng)建主要農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化示范縣98個(gè)，各地結(jié)合實(shí)際建設(shè)了一批示范縣鄉(xiāng)、示范基地，加強(qiáng)典型示范引路。如福建省2018年10個(gè)設(shè)區(qū)的市均建一個(gè)主要農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化示范縣，其他63個(gè)縣市區(qū)各建設(shè)1個(gè)示范點(diǎn)，投入各類機(jī)具5000多臺(tái)套，舉辦各種示范推廣活動(dòng)448場(chǎng)。湖北省恩施州實(shí)施了“萬畝鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)千畝村特色產(chǎn)業(yè)基地現(xiàn)代農(nóng)機(jī)裝備推進(jìn)工程”，建成了一批水稻、茶葉、高山蔬菜等生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化示范區(qū)和基地等。有關(guān)省份切實(shí)加大投入，實(shí)施項(xiàng)目帶動(dòng)，支持推動(dòng)加強(qiáng)新技術(shù)試驗(yàn)示范和培訓(xùn)推廣。如湖北省2010年以來累計(jì)安排項(xiàng)目資金超過1億元、陜西省2012年以來投入近3000萬元、山西省2016年以來投入2300多萬元等。各地在實(shí)施農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策中，充分考慮丘陵山區(qū)的需求，對(duì)補(bǔ)貼范圍內(nèi)的機(jī)具實(shí)行應(yīng)補(bǔ)盡補(bǔ)，同時(shí)積極支持部分丘陵山區(qū)省份開展農(nóng)機(jī)新產(chǎn)品購置補(bǔ)貼試點(diǎn)工作，加大特色作物生產(chǎn)和養(yǎng)殖業(yè)所需新裝備推廣應(yīng)用的支持力度。2012年以來，中央財(cái)政累計(jì)安排丘陵山區(qū)集中的19個(gè)省區(qū)市農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼資金570億元，支持農(nóng)戶購置機(jī)具2000萬臺(tái)套，有力推動(dòng)了丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展。
 
　　二、當(dāng)前影響丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展的困難問題
 
　　從調(diào)研情況看，丘陵山區(qū)隨著脫貧攻堅(jiān)工作加快推進(jìn)，特色優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)加快發(fā)展，農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力加快轉(zhuǎn)移，農(nóng)業(yè)各領(lǐng)域?qū)C(jī)械化生產(chǎn)的依賴越來越明顯，需求越來越迫切。丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展雖然取得了積極進(jìn)展，但總量不足、結(jié)構(gòu)不優(yōu)、質(zhì)量不高。丘陵山區(qū)省份目前農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率不足50%，西南丘陵山區(qū)僅為29%，遠(yuǎn)低于全國總體69%的水平，養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工等方面的機(jī)械化水平也不高，與農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村和廣大農(nóng)民對(duì)機(jī)械化的迫切需要尚有不小差距。制約丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展的因素主要有：
 
　　（一）地形地貌復(fù)雜，農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)條件較差。丘陵山區(qū)地形復(fù)雜多變，山高坡陡、道路崎嶇、耕地條件差，如重慶市分布于丘陵山地的耕地面積占比達(dá)98%，貴州省的占比為92.5%。許多地塊細(xì)碎凌亂、坡多臺(tái)多埂多、形狀不規(guī)則，大中型農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械多數(shù)難以通行及作業(yè)，機(jī)具進(jìn)地難、作業(yè)難，是制約機(jī)械化發(fā)展的大瓶頸。
 
　　（二）種養(yǎng)制度多樣，適用機(jī)具研發(fā)困難。丘陵山區(qū)種植作物品種較多，采用傳統(tǒng)的套作、間作等種植模式較普遍，農(nóng)藝繁瑣，農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模小且分散，所需要的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化技術(shù)裝備多樣，機(jī)具研發(fā)需要攻克的難題多而復(fù)雜，令不少研發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)和農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)望而卻步，許多產(chǎn)業(yè)所需的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)具“無機(jī)可用”“無好機(jī)用”問題突出。已經(jīng)開發(fā)的一些地方特色產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展所需的特殊、小眾機(jī)具也由于技術(shù)不夠成熟，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)滯后等原因，難以通過試驗(yàn)鑒定進(jìn)入農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼范圍。
 
　　（三）投資效益較低，農(nóng)機(jī)供需雙向乏力。供給方面，丘陵山區(qū)所需的農(nóng)機(jī)品種多，市場(chǎng)規(guī)模批量少，售后服務(wù)成本高，加之研發(fā)難度大，農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)積極性不足。需求方面，丘陵山區(qū)戶均耕地規(guī)模小，農(nóng)機(jī)在小田塊內(nèi)作業(yè)效率低、損耗大，加之農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)的社會(huì)化、專業(yè)化程度相對(duì)較低，缺乏規(guī)模作業(yè)量，作業(yè)成本比較高，收益比較低，投資回報(bào)時(shí)間較長。據(jù)調(diào)查，丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)投資回收期比平原地區(qū)長一倍以上，對(duì)農(nóng)民和服務(wù)組織投資農(nóng)機(jī)的積極性造成較大影響。
 
　　（四）支持力度不夠，技術(shù)服務(wù)能力薄弱。當(dāng)前除中央財(cái)政農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼外，各級(jí)財(cái)政用于支持丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展的項(xiàng)目和資金比較有限。如丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田“宜機(jī)化”改造需要大量的資金，但扶持力度不大。丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化技術(shù)示范、教育培訓(xùn)、服務(wù)組織建設(shè)等方面的投入長期不足，大多數(shù)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的農(nóng)機(jī)化技術(shù)與管理人員缺乏，已有人員業(yè)務(wù)知識(shí)老化嚴(yán)重，許多地方缺少農(nóng)機(jī)維修服務(wù)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)設(shè)施等，影響了丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化工作的開展。
 
　　三、加快推動(dòng)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展的思考建議
 
　　沒有農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化，就沒有農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化。沒有丘陵山區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化，就沒有全國的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化。從調(diào)研的情況看，丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展已經(jīng)取得了較好的成效，積累了有益經(jīng)驗(yàn)，當(dāng)前加快丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化的時(shí)機(jī)已經(jīng)成熟?！秶鴦?wù)院關(guān)于加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化和農(nóng)機(jī)裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)的指導(dǎo)意見》(國發(fā)〔2018〕42號(hào))對(duì)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展的目標(biāo)任務(wù)提出了明確要求。我們要乘勢(shì)而上，積極作為，將發(fā)展丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化作為當(dāng)前和今后相當(dāng)長時(shí)期農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化工作的戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)，以農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合、機(jī)械化信息化融合、農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)模式與農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營相適應(yīng)、機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)與農(nóng)田建設(shè)相適應(yīng)為路徑，以“新型經(jīng)營主體+”為主要載體和抓手，推行新型經(jīng)營主體+農(nóng)田“宜機(jī)化”改造、新型經(jīng)營主體+全程機(jī)械化+綜合農(nóng)事服務(wù)中心、新型經(jīng)營主體+信息化社會(huì)化作業(yè)服務(wù)、新型經(jīng)營主體+規(guī)?；厣珒?yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)全程機(jī)械化等發(fā)展模式，推動(dòng)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展。要在已有工作基礎(chǔ)上，以推進(jìn)科技創(chuàng)新、機(jī)制創(chuàng)新和政策創(chuàng)新為重點(diǎn)，促進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)、農(nóng)田、農(nóng)藝、農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營方式協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，為丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展注入新動(dòng)力，加快丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展進(jìn)程。
 
　　（一）加力科技創(chuàng)新。一是開展丘陵山區(qū)優(yōu)勢(shì)特色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化技術(shù)及裝備需求目錄的調(diào)查發(fā)布工作，引導(dǎo)科研單位和企業(yè)研發(fā)制造適應(yīng)特色作物生產(chǎn)、特產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖需要的高效農(nóng)機(jī)。二是積極爭(zhēng)取財(cái)政投入和項(xiàng)目支持，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)學(xué)研推用密切結(jié)合，加快適宜當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)業(yè)需求的農(nóng)機(jī)具研發(fā)推廣。三是充分發(fā)揮行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)等社會(huì)組織作用，組織企業(yè)開展產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧急需機(jī)具聯(lián)合攻關(guān)，制定相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，推進(jìn)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)業(yè)化。四是大力推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)專項(xiàng)鑒定工作，加快新產(chǎn)品的試驗(yàn)鑒定、購置補(bǔ)貼步伐，促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新成果轉(zhuǎn)化應(yīng)用。
 
　　（二）加強(qiáng)機(jī)制創(chuàng)新。一是充分發(fā)揮國家和各省農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)機(jī)制作用，創(chuàng)新工作方式，取得財(cái)政、工信、科技、發(fā)展改革等部門支持，形成工作合力。二是加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門內(nèi)農(nóng)機(jī)化與農(nóng)田建設(shè)、種植、養(yǎng)殖、科技等各方面協(xié)作配合，加快構(gòu)建推進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝融合、農(nóng)田農(nóng)機(jī)配合的機(jī)制，推動(dòng)農(nóng)田建設(shè)和品種、栽培、養(yǎng)殖及產(chǎn)后加工等方面“宜機(jī)化”，促使良種、良法、良地、良機(jī)配套。三是積極構(gòu)建公益性與經(jīng)營性協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的推廣機(jī)制，探索公益性服務(wù)的多種實(shí)現(xiàn)形式，通過政府訂購、購買服務(wù)、招投標(biāo)、定向委托、財(cái)政補(bǔ)助等方式，引導(dǎo)多元社會(huì)力量參與到公益性技術(shù)推廣中來，加快提升丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)化技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)能力。
 
　　（三）加快政策創(chuàng)新。一是創(chuàng)新丘陵山區(qū)開展農(nóng)田“宜機(jī)化”改造政策舉措，制定工作指引，開辟資金渠道，開展試點(diǎn)示范引導(dǎo)等。二是創(chuàng)新丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)購置補(bǔ)貼政策支持方式，優(yōu)先滿足丘陵山區(qū)縣市資金需求，支持?jǐn)U大丘陵山區(qū)適用機(jī)具補(bǔ)貼范圍，探索加快特色產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展所需機(jī)具補(bǔ)貼的途徑，對(duì)一體化建造安裝的設(shè)施裝備通過先建后補(bǔ)方式予以支持，鼓勵(lì)探索購置補(bǔ)貼、貸款貼息、融資租賃承租補(bǔ)貼等相結(jié)合的綜合補(bǔ)貼方式等。三是推動(dòng)丘陵山區(qū)地方探索扶貧資金、涉農(nóng)資金用于支持農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展的路徑方式，積極推動(dòng)設(shè)立農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)補(bǔ)助、農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)組織建設(shè)、農(nóng)機(jī)化新技術(shù)示范推廣等方面項(xiàng)目，支持農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)組織通過跨區(qū)作業(yè)、訂單作業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)托管等多種形式開展適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營，提升作業(yè)服務(wù)、維修、技術(shù)培訓(xùn)等能力，加快農(nóng)機(jī)化技術(shù)示范推廣。四是推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)化人才隊(duì)伍建設(shè)，持續(xù)開展農(nóng)機(jī)化干部培訓(xùn)和再教育，遴選培育一批農(nóng)機(jī)推廣服務(wù)“土專家”，通過購買服務(wù)、項(xiàng)目支持等方式，支持農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)、農(nóng)機(jī)合作社培養(yǎng)農(nóng)機(jī)操作、維修等實(shí)用技能型人才，鼓勵(lì)家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)、農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)等新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體從事農(nóng)機(jī)作業(yè)服務(wù)，支持引導(dǎo)大中專畢業(yè)生等返鄉(xiāng)下鄉(xiāng)人員創(chuàng)辦領(lǐng)辦新型農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)組織，選樹推介一批“新型經(jīng)營主體+”發(fā)展模式“帶頭人”和典型，為加快丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展提供人才支撐。

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