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農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)發(fā)揮神奇功效—化肥用少了，水稻增產(chǎn)了

2019-11-22 17:12:49 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：47912 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀： 一提到農(nóng)業(yè)、無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)等概念，很多人尤其是農(nóng)民朋友覺(jué)得高深莫測(cè)、離自己很遙遠(yuǎn)。事實(shí)上并不是這樣。當(dāng)下，這些“神奇”的技術(shù)早已逐漸應(yīng)用在廣泛的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中了。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 編輯視角】 一提到農(nóng)業(yè)、無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)等概念，很多人尤其是農(nóng)民朋友覺(jué)得高深莫測(cè)、離自己很遙遠(yuǎn)。事實(shí)上并不是這樣。當(dāng)下，這些“神奇”的技術(shù)早已逐漸應(yīng)用在廣泛的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中了。
 
　　近日，廣東省云浮市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局組織有關(guān)專家對(duì)在羅定市實(shí)施的無(wú)人機(jī)遙感信息獲取與水稻養(yǎng)分管理技術(shù)、水稻三控施肥技術(shù)示范基地進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)產(chǎn)，此次晚稻的測(cè)產(chǎn)結(jié)果喜人，相比當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)施肥方式，在平均減少氮肥施用量22.52%的情況下，增產(chǎn)15.67%，畝產(chǎn)量達(dá)到483.77kg/畝。換句話說(shuō)，水稻生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中肥料用少了，產(chǎn)量卻增加了。這是怎么做到的呢？

　　為了進(jìn)行對(duì)比，示范基地設(shè)置了“傳統(tǒng)施肥”、“三控+人工撒施”、“三控+無(wú)人機(jī)變量施肥”等3個(gè)種植區(qū)。“傳統(tǒng)施肥”種植區(qū)，根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)厥┓柿?xí)慣進(jìn)行用肥管理，采用人工完成撒肥作業(yè)；“三控+人工撒施”種植區(qū)，根據(jù)廣東省農(nóng)科院水稻所的“三控施肥技術(shù)”確定施肥節(jié)點(diǎn)及用量，采用人工完成撒肥作業(yè)；“三控+無(wú)人機(jī)變量施肥”種植區(qū)，根據(jù)廣東省農(nóng)科院水稻所的“三控施肥技術(shù)”及無(wú)人機(jī)施肥管家決策的處方圖進(jìn)行用肥管理，采用變量施肥無(wú)人機(jī)根據(jù)處方圖完成撒肥作業(yè)。通俗地說(shuō)，就是人工施肥、人工施肥、無(wú)人機(jī)施肥三種進(jìn)行對(duì)比，后無(wú)人機(jī)施肥因施肥量少、產(chǎn)量增加而勝出。
 
　　據(jù)悉，“三控+無(wú)人機(jī)變量施肥”種植區(qū)連片148畝，施肥和噴藥的田間管理作業(yè)，全程采用無(wú)人機(jī)自主航線飛行完成，是國(guó)內(nèi)全程采用無(wú)人機(jī)進(jìn)行水稻田間管理的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，這為下一步實(shí)現(xiàn)水稻生產(chǎn)的無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)奠定了很好的基礎(chǔ)。
 
　　這次試驗(yàn)里涉及到三個(gè)概念：農(nóng)業(yè)無(wú)人機(jī)、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)和無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)無(wú)人機(jī)當(dāng)下在國(guó)內(nèi)可以說(shuō)已經(jīng)*了，大部分農(nóng)民即使沒(méi)有用過(guò)也必定聽說(shuō)過(guò)。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，2018年植保無(wú)人機(jī)保有量已超過(guò)3萬(wàn)臺(tái)，作業(yè)面積達(dá)到了2.67億畝次。其實(shí)，噴灑農(nóng)藥是農(nóng)用無(wú)人機(jī)被大家公認(rèn)基礎(chǔ)的功能之一，除此之外，無(wú)人機(jī)其實(shí)是“智能農(nóng)機(jī)”的典型代表。它還可以提供農(nóng)田的遙感信息，對(duì)農(nóng)作物“察言觀色”，可以快速獲知農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐缺情況，從而成為農(nóng)場(chǎng)主的眼睛。此次應(yīng)用示范的無(wú)人機(jī)水稻長(zhǎng)勢(shì)遙感信息獲取與施肥管理技術(shù)就包括了無(wú)人機(jī)低空遙感、長(zhǎng)勢(shì)解析、施肥處方圖生成、無(wú)人機(jī)變量施肥作業(yè)等步驟。
 
　　無(wú)人機(jī)將水稻長(zhǎng)勢(shì)進(jìn)行分析之后，采用的變量施肥技術(shù)便是“農(nóng)業(yè)”技術(shù)應(yīng)用的體現(xiàn)。此次應(yīng)用示范采用變量施肥無(wú)人機(jī)執(zhí)行施肥處方圖，結(jié)合北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)定位，肥料“補(bǔ)缺”到位；無(wú)人機(jī)可航線飛行和自動(dòng)變量作業(yè)，能自主起降，斷點(diǎn)續(xù)航，大幅度減少勞動(dòng)力投入，且肥料撒施均勻、用量。多地應(yīng)用示范對(duì)比試驗(yàn)的測(cè)產(chǎn)結(jié)果表明，示范區(qū)內(nèi)采用遙感模型施肥技術(shù)的水稻田塊，畝均氮肥用量比傳統(tǒng)施肥大可減少30%，畝均增收節(jié)支可達(dá)100元。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)通過(guò)用肥從而達(dá)到了穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、節(jié)本、綠色環(huán)保的效果，發(fā)展?jié)摿薮蟆?br /> 
　　后再來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)。當(dāng)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)和智能農(nóng)機(jī)發(fā)展到一定程度，無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)的普及就不再遙遠(yuǎn)了。事實(shí)上，早在去年6月，我國(guó)首輪農(nóng)業(yè)全過(guò)程無(wú)人作業(yè)試驗(yàn)已在國(guó)家糧食生產(chǎn)功能示范區(qū)江蘇省興化市舉行，這標(biāo)志著我國(guó)無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)開始啟動(dòng)建設(shè)，這次無(wú)人化農(nóng)業(yè)作業(yè)是目前我國(guó)投入智能農(nóng)機(jī)種類齊、數(shù)量多的一次。而未來(lái)，我國(guó)將分級(jí)、分期、分步建立無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)。所以說(shuō)，無(wú)人農(nóng)場(chǎng)正在向我們快步走來(lái)。
 
　　每一次科技的進(jìn)步都讓農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)逐步轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)，一步步降低成本、增加產(chǎn)量、提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。在科技迅速發(fā)展的今天，這些曾經(jīng)“神秘”的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)你還會(huì)覺(jué)得遙遠(yuǎn)嗎？

上一篇： 農(nóng)業(yè)“黑科技”：5G 工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械數(shù)字化升級(jí)

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