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三農(nóng)問題的重中之重：如何增加農(nóng)民收入？

2019-11-16 09:00:23 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：52691 評論

導(dǎo)讀：11月14日，國務(wù)院新聞辦公室舉行10月份國民經(jīng)濟運行情況新聞發(fā)布會。國家統(tǒng)計局新聞發(fā)言人劉愛華介紹，前三季度貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村居民收入實際增長8%，比全體居民收入高1.9個百分點，比全體農(nóng)村居民高1.6個百分點，可以說是增長。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 11月14日，國務(wù)院新聞辦公室舉行10月份國民經(jīng)濟運行情況新聞發(fā)布會。國家統(tǒng)計局新聞發(fā)言人劉愛華介紹，前三季度貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村居民收入實際增長8%，比全體居民收入高1.9個百分點，比全體農(nóng)村居民高1.6個百分點，可以說是增長。
 
　　劉愛華表示，工資性收入增加、轉(zhuǎn)移性收入增加、經(jīng)營性收入增加，這三個方面都對貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村居民收入增收作出重要貢獻(xiàn)。其中，經(jīng)營性收入雖然在整體比重占的不是特別大，但是今年表現(xiàn)非常突出。前三季度經(jīng)營凈收入增長了6.8%，同比加快了1.3個百分點，對整體增收的貢獻(xiàn)接近20%。其中一產(chǎn)的增長是比較顯著的，一產(chǎn)經(jīng)營性收入在夏糧增產(chǎn)以及畜牧業(yè)產(chǎn)品增長比較快的帶動下，前三季度一產(chǎn)經(jīng)營凈收入從上年同期的下降3.9%轉(zhuǎn)為今年的增長3.8%，是大幅度提升。
 

　　整體而言，農(nóng)民收入與農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展一直是三農(nóng)問題的核心。中國要強，農(nóng)業(yè)必強；中國要富，農(nóng)民必富。那么，農(nóng)民如何才能增收？影響農(nóng)民收入的主要因素有哪些？筆者從以下幾方面稍做分析：
 
　　一、糧食→糧食價格
 
　　糧食生產(chǎn)自古以來便是農(nóng)民的重要收入來源。想要增加農(nóng)民收入，大幅提高糧食價格似乎是個很好的“解決辦法”，但是，糧食價格關(guān)乎國計民生，會“牽一發(fā)而動全身”，要知道，糧食關(guān)系每位農(nóng)村居民和城市居民的切身利益。如果單純地提高糧食價格，或許農(nóng)民可以“暫時性”增加收入，但糧食價格增長后，與糧食有關(guān)的工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，包括大部分食品，價格也會上漲，終又傳導(dǎo)到每個人的日常生活之中，包括農(nóng)民自身，負(fù)擔(dān)也會增加。與糧食有關(guān)的產(chǎn)品漲價后，其他工業(yè)產(chǎn)品也會同步漲價，繼而帶動農(nóng)民種糧的成本上漲，形成惡性循環(huán)。
 
　　因此，想要從糧食入手增加農(nóng)民收入，重要的還是要從降低種糧生產(chǎn)成本、減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)、增加糧食補貼、改善種糧條件等方面入手，使種糧的相對收益增加。大力推廣農(nóng)業(yè)機械化就顯得尤為重要。在當(dāng)前農(nóng)業(yè)全程全面機械化發(fā)展的大趨勢下，逐步推動小農(nóng)戶與現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)銜接同時完善相關(guān)農(nóng)業(yè)補貼政策，對農(nóng)民增收有重要意義。
 
　　二、農(nóng)民→高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展要現(xiàn)代化，農(nóng)民本身也要“現(xiàn)代化”。“現(xiàn)代化”農(nóng)民就是經(jīng)過教育培訓(xùn)的“有文化、懂技術(shù)、善經(jīng)營、會管理”的農(nóng)民，也就是高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民。
 
　　據(jù)《2019年全國高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民發(fā)展報告》顯示，我國高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民為主體的農(nóng)民教育培訓(xùn)已深入開展，國家農(nóng)民教育培訓(xùn)專項工程基本覆蓋所有農(nóng)業(yè)縣。2018年總投入資金20億元，帶動省級財政投入資金6.25億元，重點開展農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)理人、新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體帶頭人、現(xiàn)代創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新青年和農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧培訓(xùn)，共培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民約90萬人。各地開展多層次多形式的農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村實用技術(shù)培訓(xùn)，截至2018年底，全國從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營或提供相應(yīng)服務(wù)的高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民已達(dá)170多萬人。
 
　　據(jù)悉，2018年高素質(zhì)農(nóng)民的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營純收入達(dá)到每年3.13萬元，相當(dāng)于同期城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入的3.93萬元的80%，是農(nóng)村居民人均可支配收入1.46萬元的2.16倍。
 
　　三、鄉(xiāng)村→旅游鄉(xiāng)村
 
　　農(nóng)民要增收，除了上面兩點，還需要拓寬增收新渠道，把農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村多功能價值發(fā)掘出來，實現(xiàn)一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展。在這方面，近些年迅速興起并成效顯著的便是休閑農(nóng)業(yè)和鄉(xiāng)村旅游。
 
　　今年8月，國務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步激發(fā)文化和旅游消費潛力的意見》，提出積極發(fā)展休閑農(nóng)業(yè)，推出一批鄉(xiāng)村旅游重點村，預(yù)測到2020年，全國將發(fā)展300多萬家農(nóng)家樂。這表明，以休閑農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)家樂等為主的鄉(xiāng)村旅游已經(jīng)成為農(nóng)民收入的新增長點，成為鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)振興的一大標(biāo)志。據(jù)悉，2018年全國休閑農(nóng)業(yè)和鄉(xiāng)村旅游接待人次超30億，營業(yè)收入超過8000億元。
 
　　結(jié)語：一個國家富不富強，關(guān)鍵要看這個國家的農(nóng)民富不富，這也是為什么國家一直把三農(nóng)問題放在*的原因。黨的十六大報告提出到2020年要全面建成小康社會，如今也正在向著這個目標(biāo)奮進(jìn)。期待我國的農(nóng)業(yè)越來越發(fā)達(dá)，農(nóng)村越來越興旺，農(nóng)民越來越富有。

上一篇： 農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部與中國太平洋保險集團(tuán)簽署戰(zhàn)略合作協(xié)議 共同推進(jìn)保險服務(wù)鄉(xiāng)村振興

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