大蒜又漲價了！如何穩(wěn)定大蒜價格？

2019-05-29 16:38:09 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：48210 評論

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 市場行情】 近日，隨著夏天的到來，水果價格大幅走高，眾多網(wǎng)友大呼“吃不起水果了”、“實現(xiàn)不了水果自由”。然而，除了水果漲價，讓農(nóng)民關(guān)心的還有一樣——大蒜。據(jù)悉，今年以來，全國大蒜價格持續(xù)走高。5月28日，北京新發(fā)地農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品批發(fā)市場大蒜批發(fā)平均價為8元/公斤，比1月1日的4.5元/公斤大幅上漲了77.8%。

　　多年來，大蒜的價格不止牽動蒜農(nóng)的心，可以說每次大蒜價格的暴漲暴跌都關(guān)系著我們每一個人。據(jù)專家介紹，今年大蒜價格雖高于去年，但上漲空間有限，并不會迎來非理性暴漲。那么今年大蒜這次漲價又是什么原因?qū)е碌哪兀?br /> 
　　種植面積少、人工成本高
 
　　據(jù)悉，受2017、2018年大蒜種植面積持續(xù)增長，蒜價大幅下跌影響，大部分農(nóng)戶收入微薄，部分農(nóng)戶入不敷出，在這種情況下，農(nóng)戶壓縮了今年大蒜的種植面積。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2019年全國大蒜主產(chǎn)區(qū)11個省份102個縣(市、區(qū))種植面積為598.69萬畝，其中金鄉(xiāng)縣52.39萬畝，同比減少18.8%。專家估計2019年全國大蒜減種幅度在15%左右。供應(yīng)減少，導(dǎo)致了今年大蒜價格逐漸走高。
 
　　除此之外，人工成本居高不下也是原因之一。山東金鄉(xiāng)縣是我國重要的大蒜生產(chǎn)基地，素有“中華蒜都”之稱。據(jù)當?shù)厮廪r(nóng)稱，大蒜從種到收，每畝需要人工14個以上，用工成本1500元左右，每人每天只能挖3分地。如果趕上大蒜行情不好，賣蒜錢甚至還不夠人工費用。
 
　　大蒜產(chǎn)業(yè)一直是山東省特色經(jīng)濟作物之一，種植面積達600萬畝，加工出口量在80萬噸，分別占全國的50.3%和70.2%，是當之無愧的大蒜省。但是，大蒜種植密度高、機械化程度低，需要大量的人工投入，“無機可用”問題已嚴重影響了蒜農(nóng)種蒜的積極性。大蒜生產(chǎn)過程的機械化水平低也成為制約大蒜產(chǎn)業(yè)提質(zhì)增效和一二三產(chǎn)融合的瓶頸問題。
 
　　據(jù)山東省農(nóng)機技術(shù)推廣站站長江平介紹，實現(xiàn)大蒜全程機械化，每畝可降低人工成本支出700元以上，這不僅能提高蒜農(nóng)收益、解決勞動力短缺問題，更能把蒜農(nóng)從繁重體力勞動中解放出來。因此筆者認為，從一定程度上來說，提高大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化水平對穩(wěn)定大蒜價格有一定作用。
 
　　大蒜機械化更進一步，山東將大蒜播種機納入農(nóng)機新產(chǎn)品補貼
 
　　山東作為大蒜大省，一直以來致力于提升大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化水平。據(jù)悉，2018年以來，山東省農(nóng)機管理局與省財政廳積極推動農(nóng)機裝備研發(fā)應(yīng)用推進重大工程項目，積極做好農(nóng)機裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新工作。目前，項目支持研發(fā)的大蒜播種機已納入農(nóng)機新產(chǎn)品補貼試點范圍，按照銷售價格30%的比例進行補貼，進一步促進大蒜生產(chǎn)全程機械化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展。
 
　　今年5月15日，山東省大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化技術(shù)推廣田間日暨培訓(xùn)班在金鄉(xiāng)縣舉辦，活動以大蒜播種和收獲機化為主題，共有8家企業(yè)20余臺套機具參與演示及展示，基本滿足了全省不同地區(qū)大蒜機械化生產(chǎn)需求。在作業(yè)演示現(xiàn)場，大蒜正芽、平芽、自走式正芽等播種機，以及前置挖掘式、聯(lián)合式、打捆式等不同類型的大蒜收獲機，依次進行了作業(yè)演示和展示，大蒜正芽播種機、切莖式大蒜收獲機、切莖切胡式小型大蒜聯(lián)合收獲機成為演示亮點，引起大家廣泛關(guān)注和熱烈討論。
 
　　除此之外，5月17日，江蘇省農(nóng)機技術(shù)推廣站在邳州市也舉辦了江蘇全省大蒜機械化現(xiàn)場觀摩會，觀摩現(xiàn)場進行了4臺大蒜播種機、7臺大蒜收獲機的作業(yè)演示及其他大蒜機具展示。據(jù)悉，目前江蘇省大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化已進入從無到有、從弱到好、機藝融合的快速發(fā)展過程，播種環(huán)節(jié)實現(xiàn)了從無序播種到正芽播種機械化，收獲環(huán)節(jié)從分段式收獲到實現(xiàn)剪苔剪根一體化聯(lián)合收獲，大蒜播種、收獲機械裝備從引進試驗到省內(nèi)企業(yè)自主研制，初步形成了標準行距、畦高的大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化技術(shù)規(guī)范。
 
　　結(jié)語：隨著當前我國農(nóng)業(yè)全程全面機械化發(fā)展力度的加大，全國各大蒜適宜種植地區(qū)積極出臺政策扶持大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化，并加大示范推廣力度，薄弱環(huán)節(jié)裝備技術(shù)也取得一定突破，各地大蒜生產(chǎn)全程機械化技術(shù)體系、作業(yè)模式、技術(shù)模式不斷構(gòu)建。推動大蒜生產(chǎn)機械化邁上新的臺階，不僅能穩(wěn)定大蒜價格，讓蒜農(nóng)增產(chǎn)增收，更能為我國農(nóng)業(yè)機械化轉(zhuǎn)型升級提供有力支持。

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