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輪作休耕:讓土地也能“休個假”

2018-11-19 16:11:54 來源:中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:26226 評論

導(dǎo)讀:為保證生產(chǎn)所依賴的土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康與穩(wěn)定,維持土壤質(zhì)量的持續(xù)優(yōu)良,我國多地采取了輪作休耕的模式。按照中央部署,將繼續(xù)擴大輪作休耕試點,2018年試點規(guī)模比上年翻一番,此后每年按一定比例增加,加上地方自主開展輪作休耕,到2020年我國耕地輪作休耕面積力爭達到5000萬畝。

  【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】為保證生產(chǎn)所依賴的土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康與穩(wěn)定,維持土壤質(zhì)量的持續(xù)優(yōu)良,我國多地采取了輪作休耕的模式。按照中央部署,將繼續(xù)擴大輪作休耕試點,2018年試點規(guī)模比上年翻一番,此后每年按一定比例增加,加上地方自主開展輪作休耕,到2020年我國耕地輪作休耕面積力爭達到5000萬畝。
 

        甘肅:休耕試點讓土地“帶薪休假”
 
  甘肅省位于我國西北部,土地干旱、土壤貧瘠,多年不停歇的播種勞作、大量化肥的使用,都使得土壤肥力下降,水土流失嚴重,土地鹽堿化程度高。而休耕主要是利用綠肥讓貧瘠的土地“休息”復(fù)活,增加有機肥,減少化肥的使用,平衡土壤養(yǎng)分,提高產(chǎn)量。
 
  早在2017年,甘肅省就有20萬畝土地納入全國三年休耕試點,經(jīng)過兩年的休耕試點工作,甘肅省取得了一定成效。為改善土壤貧瘠,當?shù)赝ㄟ^耕種油菜、紅豆草、蕓芥、豌豆等作物,待生長到盛花期,用大型機械深耕翻壓還田,深耕曬垡增加土壤中的氮,來分解土壤中多年積攢的毒素,提高土地質(zhì)量。
 
  甘肅省省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳消息,目前全省20萬畝休耕試點平穩(wěn)推進,9個試點縣區(qū)已全部完成了綠肥播種和翻壓任務(wù)。甘肅省建立了較為完善的休耕試點組織機構(gòu)、技術(shù)模式和政策體系,工作基礎(chǔ)扎實,同時在政策上對甘肅省進行傾斜,擴大試點任務(wù)。
 
  2016年,會寧縣和環(huán)縣是甘肅省首批開展耕地休耕的試點縣。從2017年開始,擴大至安定區(qū)、通渭縣、靜寧縣、秦州區(qū)、永登縣、永靖縣、古浪縣九個縣區(qū)承擔國家20萬畝土地休耕試點任務(wù)。會寧縣副縣長伏濤表示,根據(jù)縣上實際情況,通過走訪農(nóng)民,建議省上再安排5萬畝休耕土地試點,讓更多的貧瘠土地通過休耕休養(yǎng)生息,提高產(chǎn)量,造福農(nóng)民。
 
  新疆:塔里木河流域10萬畝冬小麥耕地進入3年休耕期
 
  日前,新疆塔里木河流域10萬畝冬小麥耕地啟動休耕試點,從2018年起,進入3年休耕期,此次為新疆開展大范圍耕地休耕。在新疆塔里木河流域開展耕地輪作休耕制度試點,是鞏固提升耕地地力,減少地下水過度開采的重要舉措。
 
  此次休耕的10萬畝耕地,全部集中在冬小麥種植區(qū)域,喀什、和田地區(qū),各占5萬畝,目的是有效緩解塔河流域內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)水資源壓力過大的現(xiàn)狀,提高耕地地力,改善和保護塔河流域生態(tài)環(huán)境。休耕期間,耕地雖將不再用于小麥生產(chǎn),而是積極開展土壤改良、修復(fù)治理等工作,提升耕地地力水平,一些地區(qū)還可以根據(jù)情況適當種植豆類、牧草等綠肥,發(fā)揮農(nóng)作物養(yǎng)地培肥的作用,實現(xiàn)種地養(yǎng)地結(jié)合和農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
 
  此外,休耕期間,當?shù)孛磕甓紩ν寥肋M行監(jiān)測,確保耕地質(zhì)量不降低,確保急用之時耕地用得上、糧食產(chǎn)得出。休耕期間,為了確保休耕區(qū)域內(nèi)農(nóng)民的基本收益,休耕區(qū)域內(nèi)農(nóng)民將享受國家專項補助,用于補貼農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和耕地修復(fù)治理工作。
 
  江蘇:輪作休耕每畝補助300元左右
 
  11月12日,江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳在昆山市召開全省耕地輪作休耕工作推進會,推動耕地輪作休耕從試點走向制度化、常態(tài)化。此前,在11月7日,江蘇省就印發(fā)了《關(guān)于在蘇南地區(qū)整體推進耕地輪作休耕,促進農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展實施方案的通知》。通知指出,從今年開始在蘇南稻麥兩熟地區(qū)全面推行小麥季節(jié)性輪作休耕,以輪作養(yǎng)地作物或生態(tài)休耕替代小麥種植。其中太湖一級保護區(qū)、蘇南運河沿線等資源約束緊、生態(tài)保護壓力大的地區(qū)采取常年輪作休耕,其他地區(qū)3年左右輪休一遍。
 
  目前,江蘇省既有部級和省級的耕地輪作休耕制度試點項目,也有省政府剛出臺的在蘇南5市整體推進輪作休耕的新政,輪作休耕實施規(guī)模不斷擴大,要求也越來越高,終要實現(xiàn)耕地輪作休耕制度化、常態(tài)化。
 
  為支持輪作休耕,省政府決定對蘇南整體推進輪作休耕,每畝補助100元,蘇南各市縣也要每畝補助200元左右。補助對象是直接承擔試點任務(wù)的種糧農(nóng)戶、新型經(jīng)營主體、村級集體組織等主體,而不是原先的土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)所有者。
 
  宿遷市泗洪縣:落實輪作休耕 發(fā)展水稻產(chǎn)業(yè)
 
  作為的產(chǎn)糧大縣,宿遷市泗洪縣在2018年被選定為省級耕地輪作休耕制度試點縣。泗洪縣將堅持生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綜合治理、輪作為主、休耕為輔的原則,在總結(jié)試點經(jīng)驗基礎(chǔ)上,扎實做好試點工作,加快探索形成適合當?shù)厍闆r的輪作休耕制度模式,促進耕地質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)能雙提升。
 
  泗洪縣坐落于洪澤湖之畔,自然環(huán)境優(yōu)美,生態(tài)資源豐富。自古以來,農(nóng)業(yè)都是泗洪縣的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。深耕曬垡、休耕培肥是泗洪的種植傳統(tǒng),而今,輪作休耕更是成為了當?shù)刈非筠r(nóng)業(yè)高質(zhì)發(fā)展主動做出的選擇。
 
  為了緩解耕地“疲勞”,讓土地休養(yǎng)生息,近年來,泗洪縣貫徹落實中央、省關(guān)于探索實行耕地輪作休耕試點工作精神,確立了“生態(tài)、、特色、現(xiàn)代”的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展定位,步步為營,扎實推進耕地輪作休耕工作。2018年,泗洪縣承擔了部級試點5萬畝,工作成果穩(wěn)步增進。
 
  因地制宜,突出重點,是泗洪縣推廣輪作休耕的一大亮點。作為江蘇的“稻米之鄉(xiāng)”,泗洪縣立足當?shù)靥厣久桩a(chǎn)業(yè),重點推廣稻綠輪作模式,并配套選擇了能為下茬水稻提供良好的地力和生長發(fā)育時間的紫云英、苕子等固氮綠肥,著力提高稻米產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì),打造響當當?shù)?ldquo;泗洪大米”品牌。
 
  本文由中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布,部分資料來源:甘肅經(jīng)濟日報、新華網(wǎng)-烏魯木齊晚報、中國江蘇網(wǎng)、新華網(wǎng)南京,如有侵權(quán)或異議請聯(lián)系我們。
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